Table 4.
Independent and synergistic effects of curcumin and mangosteen extract on cardiovascular risk factors in lean and HFD-induced obese rats.
| Parameters | Groups | Mean ± SD | p-valuea | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHOL/HDL-C | Control lean | 1.52 ± 0.28 | ||
| Mangosteen lean | 1.49 ± 0.24 | 0.877 | ||
| Curcumin lean | 1.73 ± 0.40 | 0.352 | ||
| Synergistic lean | 1.36 ± 0.32 | 0.416 | ||
| Control obese | 3.02 ± 0.78 | 0.010 | ||
| Mangosteen obese | 2.97 ± 0.85 | 0.005 | 0.934 | |
| Curcumin obese | 2.67 ± 1.31 | 0.165 | 0.628 | |
| Synergistic obese | 2.78 ± 0.67 | 0.003 | 0.620 | |
| HDL-C/LDL-C | Control lean | 4.61 ± 1.21 | ||
| Mangosteen lean | 2.54 ± 1.02 | 0.016 | ||
| Curcumin lean | 1.95 ± 0.40 | 0.009 | ||
| Synergistic lean | 5.35 ± 1.43 | 0.465 | ||
| Control obese | 1.15 ± 0.73 | 0.009 | ||
| Mangosteen obese | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 0.009 | 0.346 | |
| Curcumin obese | 1.21 ± 0.79 | 0.117 | 0.917 | |
| Synergistic obese | 0.95 ± 0.51 | 0.009 | 1.000 | |
| GLU (mg/dl) | Control lean | 232.55 ± 74.67 | ||
| Mangosteen lean | 154.43 ± 34.27 | 0.076 | ||
| Curcumin lean | 121.12 ± 8.90 | 0.009 | ||
| Synergistic lean | 162.08 ± 39.89 | 0.117 | ||
| Control obese | 206.94 ± 100.22 | 0.347 | ||
| Mangosteen obese | 169.67 ± 36.21 | 0.346 | 0.917 | |
| Curcumin obese | 174.43 ± 56.07 | 0.076 | 0.754 | |
| Synergistic obese | 155.44 ± 74.38 | 0.917 | 0.754 |
aSignificant difference between normal weight and obese rats in each group (control, mangosteen, curcumin, and synergistic).
bSignificant difference between each group and respective normal weight or obese control groups.