Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants (n = 53).
| Group | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 27) | Intervention (n = 26) | ||
| Age, years, median(IQR) | 76.00 (10) | 73.27 (8) | |
| Gender | 0.908b | ||
| Male | 16 | 15 | |
| Female | 11 | 11 | |
| Body height, cm, mean(SD) | 156.52 (± 6.45) | 159.15 (± 7.51) | 0.176c |
| Body weight, kg, mean(SD) | 53.98 (± 9.85) | 59.10 (± 8.87) | 0.048*,c |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean(SD) | 21.93 (± 3.23) | 23.33 (± 2.82) | 0.099c |
| Eichner | 0.280b | ||
| B1 | 6 | 6 | |
| B2 | 6 | 10 | |
| B3 | 15 | 10 | |
| MA, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 181.19 (± 54.87) | 178.54 (± 62.81) | 0.871c |
| MOF, N, median (IQR) | 539.00 (553.1) | 608.45 (434.5) | 0.176a |
| rMMT, mm, mean (SD) | 7.87 (± 1.73) | 8.89 (± 2.16) | 0.064c |
| cMMT, mm (SD) | 10.33 (± 2.46) | 11.53 (± 2.61) | 0.088c |
| rMMEI, mean (SD) | 158.25 (± 17.89) | 149.09 (± 17.20) | 0.063c |
| cMMEI, mean (SD) | 135.39 (± 20.93) | 131.49 (± 16.16) | 0.452c |
IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, MA masticatory ability, MOF maximum occlusal force, rMMT masseter muscle thickness at rest, cMMT masseter muscle thickness during contraction, rMMEI masseter muscle echo intensity at rest, cMMEI masseter muscle echo intensity during contraction.
*p-value < 0.05.
aMann–whitney U test.
bPearson’s χ2 test.
cTwo sample t test.