Table 1.
Epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients by hospital length of stay (LOS).
| Total (n = 76) | Hospital LOS < 17 days (n = 36) |
Hospital LOS ≥ 17 days (n = 39) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Disease severity status | 0.797 | |||
| Mild or general | 54 (72%) | 25 (69%) | 29 (74%) | |
| Severe or critical | 21 (28%) | 11 (31%) | 10 (26%) | |
| Sex | 0.061 | |||
| Female | 32 (43%) | 11 (31%) | 21 (54%) | |
| Male | 43 (57%) | 25 (69%) | 18 (46%) | |
| Age, years, median (IQR) (range) | 47 (31–54) (5–91) | 43.5 (29.8–52.3) | 47 (33.5–56) | 0.644 |
| Exposure history to Wuhan | 41 (55%) | 18 (50%) | 23 (59%) | 0.491 |
| Source of patients | 0.212 | |||
| First diagnosis | 63 (84%) | 28 (78%) | 35 (90%) | |
| Transfer from other hospitals | 12 (16%) | 8 (22%) | 4 (10%) | |
| Smoker | 3 (4%) | 2 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 0.605 |
| Fever | 65 (87%) | 28 (78%) | 37 (95%) | 0.042 |
| Cough | 47 (63%) | 22 (61%) | 25 (64%) | 0.815 |
| Myalgia | 4 (5%) | 2 (6%) | 2 (5%) | 1 |
| Throat pain | 4 (5%) | 2 (6%) | 2 (5%) | 1 |
| Fatigue | 10 (13%) | 7 (19%) | 3 (8%) | 0.181 |
| Chest congestion | 11 (15%) | 4 (11%) | 7 (18%) | 0.520 |
| Comorbidity | 32 (42%) | 14 (34%) | 18 (51%) | 0.160 |
| Hypertension | 13 (17%) | 7 (19%) | 6 (15%) | 0.763 |
| Diabetes | 9 (12%) | 5 (14%) | 4 (10%) | 0.730 |
| Chronic kidney or liver disease | 10 (13%) | 4 (11%) | 6 (15%) | 0.738 |
| Laboratory characteristics in the first 2 days after in hospital | ||||
| CRP, mg/L | 10.3 (2.5–27.7) | 14.3 (2.1–28.1) | 8.2 (2.9–19.4) | 0.695 |
| White blood cell count, *109/L | 5.5 (4.7–7.7) | 5.2 (4.7–7.7) | 6.1 (4.8–7.5) | 0.645 |
| Lymphocyte count, *109/L | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.4 (0.9–1.8) | 0.869 |
| Neutrophil count, *109/L | 3.6 (2.7–6.0) | 3.4 (2.6–5.4) | 3.8 (2.8–6.2) | 0.494 |
| D-dimer, µg/ml | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.4) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.341 |
| CD4/CD8 | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.5) | 1.4 (1.3–1.8) | 0.272 |
| AST, IU/L | 24.2 (19.8–30.0) | 23.5 (18.9–29.0) | 24.2 (20.5–31.0) | 0.567 |
| ALT, IU/L | 27.7 (16.9–36.8) | 28.4 (16.0–32.5) | 27.7 (19.3–39.3) | 0.524 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 65.0 (58.2–72.8) | 68.8 (60.9–78.0) | 64.0 (53.8–70.2) | 0.052 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.199 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 5.7 (5.1–6.3) | 5.7 (5.5–6.1) | 5.7 (5.0–6.3) | 0.431 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 6.1 (5.3–7.5) | 5.7 (5.4–7.7) | 6.3 (5.2–7.4) | 0.616 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 222.0 (178.6–271.7) | 224.3 (184.2–273.5) | 208.5 (177.3–263.2) | 0.436 |
| Troponin, µg/L | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.865 |
| Total bilirubin, µmol/L | 16.1 (12.1–22.4) | 16.1 (12.8–21.2) | 17.4 (12.0–22.9) | 0.932 |
| Indirect bilirubin, µmol/L | 10.6 (7.7–13.6) | 10.5 (7.3–12.3) | 10.9 (7.8–13.6) | 0.762 |
| Direct bilirubin, µmol/L | 6.3 (4.5–9.1) | 6.3 (4.8–9.4) | 6.0 (4.4–9.0) | 0.504 |
| CT scan features | ||||
| Ground-glass opacities | 32 (43%) | 12 (33%) | 20 (51%) | 0.161 |
| Bilateral pulmonary infiltration | 67 (89%) | 31 (86%) | 36 (92%) | 0.469 |
| Consolidation | 13 (17%) | 7 (19%) | 6 (15%) | 0.763 |
Data are median (IQR), or number (%). p values were calculated by Mann–Whitney U test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate.
CRP C-reactive protein, IL-6 interleukin 6, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, IQR, inerquartile range.