TABLE 1.
Detailed characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Study design | Country or region | Data source | Follow-up | DOACs proportion | Total number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steinberg et al. (2016) | Prospective cohort study | USA | ORBIT-AF II I (outcomes registry for better informed treatment of atrial fibrillation phase II) | 0.99 years | Dabigatran (7.4%); rivaroxaban (53.6%); apixaban (39%) | 5738 |
| Cheng et al. (2019) | Retrospective cohort study | Taiwan | Taipei veterans general hospital | 2.23 years | Rivaroxaban (100%) | 2214 |
| Yao et al. (2017) | Retrospective cohort study | USA | OptumLabs data warehouse | 3.6 months | Dabigatran (31.8%); rivaroxaban (43.2%); apixaban (25.0%) | 14865 |
| Murata et al. (2019) | Prospective cohort study | Japan | SAKURA AF registry | 39.3 months | NR | 1658 |
| Arbel et al. (2019) | Retrospective cohort study | Israel | Clalit health services | 23 months | NR | 8425 |
| Ikeda et al. (2019) | Prospective cohort study | Japan | XAPASS, a real-world Japanese prospective, single-arm, observational study. | 1 year | Rivaroxaban (100%) | 6521 |
| Briasoulis et al. (2020) | Retrospective cohort study | USA | Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in a large United States health plan with prescription drug coverage. | 15.1 months | Dabigatran (29.0%); rivaroxaban (71.0%) | 27747 |
| Salameh et al. (2020) | Retrospective cohort study | Israel | The computerized database of clalit health services (CHS) | 60 months | Apixaban (100%) | 27765 |
| Yu et al. (2020) | Retrospective cohort study | Korea | Korean national health insurance service database | 3 years | Dabigatran (30.5%); rivaroxaban (37.5%); apixaban (22.2%); and edoxaban (9.7%) | 53649 |
| de Almeida et al. (2020) | Retrospective cohort study | Portugal | The internal medicine department of coimbra university hospital | 1 year | NR | 327 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; USA, United States of America.