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. 2021 Mar 31;11:7290. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86886-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Microarray profiles of mRNA expression. All data were calculated using Transcriptome Analysis Console ver. 4.0.1.36. (a) Phase contrast images of 2D cultured cells and 3D cultured spheroids. The scale bar is 500 μm. (b) Differential interference contrast images of 3D cultured spheroids. The scale bar is 20 μm. (c) A 2D principal component analysis (PCA) plot of the first and second components. (d) A 2-D PCA plot of the first and third components. (e,f) 2D and 3D cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes. Red indicates increased expression, and blue denotes decreased expression. (g,h) The volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in 2D and 3D culture. Red indicates increased expression, and blue denotes decreased expression.