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. 2021 Mar 18;15:569424. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.569424

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Copyright © 2021 Su, Fan, Zhang and Qi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proliferation of reactive astrocytes and glial scarring is promoted by TMAO. (A) Evaluation of neurological function on MCAO/R rats treated with TMAO. (B) Number of collected chow pellets detected by staircase test in MCAO/R rats treated with TMAO. (C) Scoring results of asymmetry by cylinder test in MCAO/R rats treated with TMAO. (D) Statistical results of TMAO concentration in brain tissues of MCAO/R rats treated with TMAO. (E) Expression of GFAP, Neurocan, and Phophacan detected by immunofluorescence assay in brain tissues of MCAO/R rats treated with TMAO. (F) Expression of GFAP, Neurocan, and Phosphacan determined by Western blotting in brain tissues of MCAO/R rats treated with TMAO. *p < 0.05 compared with sham-operated rats (n = 15). #p < 0.05 compared with MCAO/R rats (n = 15). NS p > 0.05 compared with the control rats (n = 15). One-way ANOVA is employed for data comparison among multiple groups followed by Tukey's post hoc test.