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. 2021 Mar 18;15:569424. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.569424

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Copyright © 2021 Su, Fan, Zhang and Qi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overexpression of Smurf2 suppresses the promoting effect of TMAO on proliferation, migration, and viability of astrocytes. (A) Smurf2 expression in rat brain tissues (n = 15) detected by IHC assay. (B) Smurf2 expression in differently treated cells determined by RT-qPCR. (C) Smurf2 expression determined by western blotting in differently treated cells. (D) Results of CCK-8 assay on cell viability upon different treatments. (E) Proliferation of cells upon different treatments detected by EdU assay. (F) Migration ability of cells upon different treatments assessed by Transwell migration assay. (G) Protein expression of GFAP, Neurocan and Phosphacan determined using Western blotting in differently treated cells. *p < 0.05 compared with the control group. #p < 0.05 compared with the TMAO + oe-NC group. One-way ANOVA was employed for data comparison among multiple groups followed by Tukey's post hoc test.