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. 2021 Mar 18;15:569424. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.569424

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Copyright © 2021 Su, Fan, Zhang and Qi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overexpression of ALK5 disrupts Smurf2-induced inhibition of astrocyte proliferation, migration and viability. (A) Expression of Smurf2 and ALK5 determined by Western blotting in each group of cells. (B) CCK-8 assay results of cell viability in each group. (C) EdU assay results of cell proliferation ability of each group. (D) Migration ability measured by Transwell migration assay in cells. (E) The expression of GFAP, Neurocan and Phosphacan in each group of cells detected by Western blotting. *p < 0.05 compared with the TMAO + oe-NC group. #p < 0.05 compared with the TMAO + oe-Smurf2 group. NS, p < 0.05 compared with the TMAO group. One-way ANOVA is employed for data comparison among multiple groups followed by Tukey's post hoc test.