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. 2021 Mar 18;15:569424. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.569424

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Copyright © 2021 Su, Fan, Zhang and Qi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Silencing of ALK5 attenuates the promoting effect of TMAO on astrocyte proliferation, migration and viability. (A) Transfection efficiency of ALK5 in cells examined using RT-qPCR. (B) Protein expression of ALK5 in cells analyzed using Western blotting. (C) Expression of ALK5 and Smurf2 in cells determined by Western blotting. (D) Cell viability evaluated using CCK-8 assay. (E) Cell proliferation evaluated using EdU assay. (F), Cell migration evaluated using Transwell assay. (G), The expression of GFAP, Neurocan and Phosphacan in each group of cells detected by Western blotting. *p < 0.05 compared with the sh-NC group or the TMAO + oe-NC group. NS, p > 0.05 compared with the TMAO group. Unpaired t-test is adopted for data comparison between two groups. One-way ANOVA is employed for data comparison among multiple groups followed by Tukey's post hoc test.