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. 2021 Mar 18;9:602450. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.602450

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Copyright © 2021 Vassalli, Colantuono, Nittoli, Ferraioli, Fasano, Berruto, Chiusano, Kelsh, Sordino and Locascio.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Manipulation of Oc activity interferes with photoreceptor development in Ciona. Expression of the photoreceptor cell (PRC) markers Opsin1 and Arrestin in transgenic embryos at late tailbud I (stage 23) (A–C), late tailbud II (stage 24) (D–F), and larva (stage 26) (G–I). Embryos electroporated with (A,D) pGsx>GFP2x control, (B,E) pGsx>OC::VP16 (pGsx>OC::Act), and (C,F) pGsx>OC::WRPW (pGsx>OC::Rep) constructs. (A–C) Opsin1 whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). (D–I) Arrestin WISH. (G–I) Confocal merged images of Arrestin hybridized larvae. n, number of embryos analyzed in each condition. Percentages indicate the number of embryos with the corresponding expression profile in each condition as described in Supplementary Table 5. Arrowheads indicate the expression in PRC and their precursors, and asterisk indicates false-positive signal due to embryo shadowing. For all embryos, the anterior is on the left, lateral view.