TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics and cognitive emotional regulation in nurses grouped by anxiety symptoms [n = 586, Mean ± SD, n (%)]
| Variables | Total | Anxiety symptoms n (%) | t/χ 2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 424) | Yes (n = 162) | ||||
| Age (Mean ± SD; years) | 31.07 ± 7.54 | 30.76 ± 7.64 | 31.87 ± 7.24 | −1.59 | .11 † |
| Gender | 0.42 | .64 ‡ | |||
| Male | 23 (3.92) | 18 (4.25) | 5 (3.09) | ||
| Female | 563 (96.08) | 406 (95.75) | 157 (96.91) | ||
| Marital status | 4.63 | .09 ‡ | |||
| Single | 224 (38.22) | 172 (40.57) | 52 (32.10) | ||
| Married | 353 (60.24) | 247 (58.25) | 106 (65.43) | ||
| Divorced | 9 (1.54) | 5 (1.18) | 4 (2.47) | ||
| Number of children | 7.50 | .02 ‡ | |||
| None | 283 (48.29) | 219 (51.65) | 64 (39.51) | ||
| 1 | 257 (43.86) | 176 (41.51) | 81 (50.00) | ||
| ≥2 | 46 (7.85) | 29 (6.84) | 17 (10.49) | ||
| Educational level | 11.82 | .002 ‡ | |||
| Associate degree or below | 116 (19.80) | 97 (22.88) | 19 (11.73) | ||
| Bachelor's degree | 465 (79.35) | 325 (76.65) | 140 (86.42) | ||
| Master's degree or higher | 5 (0.85) | 2 (0.47) | 3 (1.85) | ||
| Years of working | 14.81 | .001 ‡ | |||
| <5 | 130 (22.18) | 111 (26.18) | 19 (11.73) | ||
| 5–10 | 243 (41.47) | 163 (38.44) | 80 (49.38) | ||
| >10 | 213 (36.35) | 150 (35.38) | 63 (38.89) | ||
| Professional level | 9.97 | .07 ‡ | |||
| N0 | 48 (8.19) | 39 (9.20) | 9 (5.56) | ||
| N1 | 153 (26.11) | 114 (26.89) | 39 (24.07) | ||
| N2 | 202 (34.47) | 149 (35.14) | 53 (32.72) | ||
| N3 | 140 (23.89) | 88 (20.75) | 52 (32.10) | ||
| N4 | 18 (3.07) | 13 (3.07) | 5 (3.08) | ||
| Other | 25 (4.27) | 21 (4.95) | 4 (2.47) | ||
| Income (RMB/month) | 5.40 | .07 ‡ | |||
| <5,000 (705.87 USD) | 46 (7.85) | 39 (9.20) | 7 (4.32) | ||
| 5,000–10,000 (705.87–1,411.73 USD) | 465 (79.35) | 336 (79.25) | 129 (79.63) | ||
| >10,000 (1,411.73 USD) | 75 (12.80) | 49 (11.55) | 26 (16.05) | ||
| Living condition | 9.83 | .01 ‡ | |||
| Living alone/isolation | 46 (7.85) | 29 (6.84) | 17 (10.49) | ||
| Living with others | 88 (15.02) | 75 (17.69) | 13 (8.03) | ||
| Living with family | 452 (77.13) | 320 (75.47) | 132 (81.48) | ||
| Shift work | 9.41 | .01 ‡ | |||
| Regular day shift | 172 (29.35) | 139 (32.78) | 33 (20.37) | ||
| Night shift (≤1/week) | 153 (26.11) | 109 (25.71) | 44 (27.16) | ||
| Night shift (≥2/week) | 261 (44.54) | 176 (41.51) | 85 (52.47) | ||
| Departments | 10.52 | .01 ‡ | |||
| General ward | 477 (81.40) | 355 (83.72) | 122 (75.31) | ||
| Emergency/outpatient triage | 15 (2.56) | 6 (1.42) | 9 (5.56) | ||
| Fever outpatient | 6 (1.02) | 3 (0.71) | 3 (1.85) | ||
| Isolation ward | 88 (15.02) | 60 (14.15) | 28 (17.28) | ||
| Support hospitals in Hubei province | 23.07 | <.001 ‡ | |||
| No | 551 (94.03) | 411 (96.93) | 140 (86.42) | ||
| Yes | 35 (5.97) | 13 (3.07) | 22 (13.58) | ||
| Encounter major life events in the past six months | 16.08 | <.001 ‡ | |||
| No | 558 (95.22) | 413 (97.41) | 145 (89.51) | ||
| Yes | 28 (4.78) | 11 (2.59) | 17 (10.49) | ||
| CERQ‐C score (subscales, Mean ± SD) | |||||
| Self‐blame | 7.80 ± 3.54 | 6.94 ± 3.23 | 10.05 ± 3.33 | −10.33 | <.001 † |
| Acceptance | 11.12 ± 5.15 | 11.66 ± 5.11 | 9.73 ± 5.01 | 4.10 | <.001 † |
| Rumination | 8.91 ± 3.66 | 7.98 ± 3.43 | 11.32 ± 3.12 | −11.26 | <.001 † |
| Positive refocusing | 10.46 ± 4.22 | 10.85 ± 4.16 | 9.46 ± 4.21 | 3.61 | <.001 † |
| Refocus on planning | 11.88 ± 4.46 | 12.21 ± 4.29 | 11.02 ± 4.78 | 2.76 | .01 † |
| Positive reappraisal | 13.03 ± 4.12 | 13.03 ± 4.50 | 13.02 ± 2.91 | 0.03 | .98 † |
| Putting into perspective | 7.91 ± 3.27 | 8.05 ± 3.15 | 7.54 ± 3.57 | 1.59 | .11 † |
| Catastrophizing | 7.67 ± 3.35 | 6.61 ± 2.86 | 10.45 ± 2.92 | −14.46 | <.001 † |
| Blaming others | 8.02 ± 3.39 | 7.34 ± 3.23 | 9.81 ± 3.14 | −8.36 | <.001 † |
Abbreviation: CERQ‐C, the Chinese version of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.
†
p‐value of independent samples t‐test among two groups.
‡
p‐value of χ 2/Fisher's exact test among two groups.