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. 2021 Mar 4;87(4):1064–1089. doi: 10.1002/soej.12492

TABLE A2.

Data sources for regressions

COVID deaths data: Worldometer, coronavirus update (September 26, 2020), https://web.archive.org/web/20200927003841/ https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
Value of a statistical life: Viscusi, W. K. (2019). Risk guideposts for a safer society: Introduction and overview. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 58(2–3), 101–119.
Population density & urban share:

Worldometer, Countries in the World by Population

(September 26, 2020), https://web.archive.org/web/20200929130113/https://www.worldometers.info/world‐population/population‐by‐country/ (Urban share data come from the United Nations Population estimates and is the de facto population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each country divided by the country's total population. Population density is the number of people per square kilometer).

GDP‐quarterly percentage change: OECD, Quarterly Data (September 26, 2020), https://data.oecd.org/gdp/quarterly‐gdp.htm. (Real GDP data as a percentage change from the previous quarter. Includes 47 countries for both Q1 and Q2 GDP data and not limited to just OECD countries. Some GDP data are provisional or an estimate as of the time of reporting. For countries without GDP data, their GDP values are set to zero and an indicator variable is included as “Missing GDP data”).
Percent Age 65+:

United Nations, World Population Prospects 2019, https://population.un.

org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (download table: Population by Age Groups – Both Sexes).

Economic freedom index:

Heritage Foundation, 2020 Index of Economic Freedom Country

Rankings, https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking (Each country is assigned to a quartile based on their relative rank in the Heritage Foundation's Economic Freedom Index. Results are relative to countries in the lowest quartile, the omitted category.)

Health Rank: Tandon, A. et al., Measuring Overall Health System Performance for 191 Countries. World Health Organization, GPE Discussion Paper Series: No. 30, 18–21. (Each country is assigned to a quartile based on their relative rank of overall health efficiency. Results are relative to countries in the lowest health quartile, the omitted category.)