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. 2021 Mar 30;14:11786388211006447. doi: 10.1177/11786388211006447

Table 1.

Definitions used for frailty phenotype.

Characteristic Definition Inclusion criteria
Weight loss Self-reported weight loss. Those who lost more than 10l bs (or 4.5 kg) in the last year.
Exhaustion How often in the last week did you feel that (a) everything you did was effort or (b) you could not get going?’ Those who reported 3 or more days in the last week for either or both.
Low Physical Activity Measured using the PASE Questionnaire.22 Those in the lowest quintile of physical activity stratified by sex:
Male PASE score ⩽96.32
Female PASE score ⩽75.00
Weakness Measurement of handgrip strength using a Jamar Plus digital hand-held dynamometer. The average of 3 readings from the hand with the highest handgrip value was recorded. Those in the lowest quintile of grip strength stratified by sex and BMI:
Male
⩽22.14 kg for BMI ⩽25.7 kg/m2
⩽29.40 kg for BMI 25.8-28.2 kg/m2
⩽23.54 kg for BMI 28.3-30.2 kg/m2
⩽22.0 kg for BMI >30.2 kg/m2
Female
⩽16.60 kg for BMI ⩽25.3 kg/m2
⩽15.38 kg for BMI 25.4-28.6 kg/m2
⩽16.08 kg for BMI 28.7-31.6 kg/m2
⩽13.14 kg for BMI of >31.6 kg/m2
Slowness Measurement of time to walk 15 ft. Average time from 2 trials with 1.5 and 1 m allowed for acceleration and deceleration, respectively, was used. Those in the slowest quintile of walking speed stratified by sex and height:
Male
Walking time ⩾4.57 s for height ⩽173.0 cm
Walking time ⩾3.90 s for height >173.0 cm
Female
Walking time ⩾5.02 s for height ⩽158.0 cm
Walking time ⩾3.94 s for height >158.0 cm
Classification:
0 positive criteria = non-frail
1-2 positive criteria = pre-frail
⩾3 positive criteria = frail

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; PASE: physical activity scale for the elderly.