Table 2.
Characteristics of study sample by frailty status (n = 142).
| Characteristics | Total (n = 142) | Non-frail (n = 76) | Pre-frail (n = 49) | Frail (n = 17) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex, n (%) | 81 (57.0%) | 40 (52.6%) | 32 (65.3%) | 9 (52.9%) |
| Age (y, mean ± SD)*** | 74.1 ± 6.80 | 71.7 ± 5.23 | 75.2 ±7.04 | 82.1 ± 5.71 |
| Living in urban area n (%) | 93 (65.5%) | 51 (67.1%) | 32 (65.3%) | 10 (58.8%) |
| Weight (kg, mean ± SD) | 76.9 ± 14.23 | 77.3 ± 11.8 | 75.1 ± 16.09 | 80.2 ± 18.29 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 5.01 | 28.4 ± 3.71 | 28.6 ± 6.25 | 30.7 ± 5.90 |
| Energy intake, kcal/day, median (IQR) | 1758.0 (1386.73-2094.31) | 1677.8 (1386.73- 2190.86) | 1846.0 (1441.42-2097.10) | 1767.0 (1585.67-2215.73) |
| Food group intakes, g/day, median (IQR) | ||||
| Meat and meat products | 92.5 (68.67-124.83) | 88.0 (60.42-121.65) | 105.4 (73.43-124.79) | 112.8 (91.78-150.05) |
| Fish and fish products | 32.1 (16.10-53.73) | 32.1 (24.06-66.39) | 32.1 (16.10-49.02) | 19.3 (12.34-27.23) |
| Milk and milk products | 307.0 (181.24-448.81) | 296.6 (168.40-440.68) | 347.2 (225.02-449.56) | 288.4 (180.62-490.66) |
| Fruit and vegetables | 462.1 (334.81-665.57) | 521.3 (411.68-775.60) | 407.2 (284.17-543.70) | 349.1 (212.45-443.35) |
| Cereals and cereal products | 262.3 (189.53-332.03) | 253.2 (177.45-317.09) | 275.6 (202.55-349.65) | 251.3 (194.03-299.46) |
| Potatoes | 116.4 (71.39-136.97) | 106.3 (64.93-127.23) | 116.4 (71.39-142.64) | 133.8 (125.00-144.35) |
| Soups and sauces | 44.1 (22.48-102.33) | 52.3 (23.63-106.13) | 39.2 (20.30-103.43) | 40.9 (20.30-66.40) |
| Nuts and seeds | 0 (0-4.20) | 0 (0-8.70) | 0 (0-2.10) | 0 (0-0) |
| Fats and oils | 24.0 (13.51-34.60) | 20.3 (12.96- 31.80) | 25.9 (12.52-36.76) | 32.0 (24.22-39.19) |
| Sugars, preserves and snacks | 29.53 (17.78-62.47) | 24.7 (14.11-58.99) | 29.8 (18.00-63.75) | 70.9 (31.00-83.52) |
| Alcoholic beverages | 8.75 (0-56.96) | 8.8 (0-57.39) | 9.9 (0-56.07) | 8.8 (0-23.00) |
| Non-alcoholic beverages | 679.42 (505.67-946.90) | 671.0 (514.66-902.38) | 693.0 (491.80-965.00) | 705.0 (556.70-855.00) |
Abbreviations: IQR: inter quartile range; SD: standard deviation.
***
P < .001 (for between-group difference); values in bold indicate statistical significance (P < .05).