Table 3.

Cytokine levels measured by a bead-based fluorescence multiplex assay in plasma samples from healthy controls (HC; n = 11), subjects with secondary brain metastases from other organs (BrMet; n = 17), and individuals with glioblastoma (GBM; n = 27).

Cytokine	HC Conc. pg/mL ± SD	BrMet Conc. pg/mL ± SD	% of HC	P-value vs HC	GBM Conc. pg/mL ± SD	% of HC	P-value vs HC
GM-CSF	16.8 ± 5.1	31.6 ± 13.9	188	.011	31.2 ± 13.0	186	.008
IFN-γ	10.8 ± 3.5	17.5 ± 6.2	162	.037	20.0 ± 8.0	185	.0012
IL-1β	1.1 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.9	191	.026	2.6 ± 1.0	236	.0001
IL-2	4.7 ± 2.0	6.8 ± 2.8	145	ns	4.8 ± 2.3	102	ns
IL-4	61.7 ± 16.2	111.1 ± 47.9	180	.003	66.9 ± 32.1	108	ns
IL-5	5.2 ± 1.6	11.5 ± 4.5	221	.005	13.0 ± 5.6	250	.0002
IL-6	7.3 ± 2.6	12.9 ± 6.3	178	.004	6.3 ± 2.6	86	ns
IL-7	18.0 ± 5.5	27.8 ± 6.8	154	<.001	17.6 ± 4.6	98	ns
IL-8	10.4 ± 5.6	12.7 ± 8.8	122	ns	7.3 ± 3.6	70	ns
IL-10	20.4 ± 10.8	69.7 ± 25.4	293	<.0001	71.2 ± 31.1	286	<.0001
IL-12 p70	4.1 ± 1.8	5.9 ± 2.2	143	ns	5.5 ± 1.9	134	ns
IL-13	10.3 ± 5.3	15.6 ± 7.4	151	.039	7.1 ± 3.3	69	ns
IL-17A	12.1 ± 3.3	19.0 ± 7.4	157	ns	19.3 ± 8.8	159	.028
IL-21	4.9 ± 2.9	10.1 ± 4.9	206	.005	8.8 ± 3.9	180	.029
IL-23	356 ± 290	394 ± 171	111	ns	792 ± 435	222	.004
MIP-1α	29.4 ± 3.9	40.2 ± 6.9	137	.0008	36.1 ± 7.7	123	.030
MIP-1β	8.4 ± 3.3	9.2 ± 4.1	109	ns	10.0 ± 3.7	119	ns
MIP-3α	15.2 ± 9.1	14.9 ± 4.1	98	ns	20.8 ± 6.3	137	.045
TNF-α	5.9 ± 2.3	4.2 ± 1.9	72	ns	6.0 ± 2.1	102	ns

Concentrations are shown as mean pg/mL ± SD. P-values were determined by one-way ANOVA adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey test. Bolded values indicate statistically significant differences from HC. Differences from HC that are not significant are labeled “ns”.