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. 2021 Mar 18;12:632132. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632132

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Schematic representation of the anti-neuro-inflammatory mechanisms triggered by (S S)-DS-ONJ; 1) The pro-inflammatory environment activates NF-κB in microglia cells resulting in the transcription of IL-1β; 2) The diabetic status increases the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome, promotes the cleavage of pro-caspase-1 to its active form and increases IL-1β processing and secretion. The (S S)-DS-ONJ compound could inhibit NF-κB as well as NLRP3; 3) (SS)-DS-ONJ induces the expression of IL-10, HO-1 and arginase-1 driving a switch of microglia polarization towards the M2 stage to counteract inflammation in microglia cells.