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. 2021 Mar 18;11:643163. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643163

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Zhu, Xiao, Cheng, He, Liu, Xiang, Gong, Wang, Deng and Cao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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E2F1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibits the apoptosis of BC cells in vitro. (A,B) The expression of E2F1 is upregulated in BC tissues compared with that in normal tissues based on data retrieved from TCGA and the GEO (GSE133624) databases. (C) The protein expression of E2F1 was assessed via Western blotting in six paired BC and adjacent normal tissue samples. (D) The protein expression of E2F1 was also assessed using immunohistochemistry in six paired BC and adjacent normal tissue samples. (E) The MTT assay was performed to determine the viability/proliferation of E2F1 knockdown and overexpressing RT4 and T24 cells. (F) The effects of E2F1 knockdown and overexpression on BC cell proliferation were assessed via colony formation assays. (G,H) The migratory and invasive capacities of E2F1 knockdown and overexpressing RT4 and T24 cells were evaluated via wound healing and transwell assays. (I) Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Error bars represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.