Table 1.
Summary of previously reported heat inactivation conditions with temperature ranging from room temperature to 120°C for heating duration from sub‐second to 1 h
| # | Temperature (°C) | Exposure duration | Remaining infectivity | Log10 reduction | Virus type | Other notes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22–25 | 7 days | 1.5–2 | SARS CoV | RH 40%–50% | Chan et al. (2011) | |
| 2 | 22–25 | 28 days | >5 | SARS CoV | RH 40%–50% | Chan et al. (2011) | |
| 3 | 40 | 1 min | 0.16 | MHV‐2 | Saknimit et al. (1988) | ||
| 4 | 40 | 5 min | 0.33 | MHV‐2 | Saknimit et al. (1988) | ||
| 5 | 40 | 15 min | 0.34 | MHV‐2 | Saknimit et al. (1988) | ||
| 6 | 42 | 60 min | <1 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Wang et al. (2020) | ||
| 7 | 56 | 1 min | 6.65 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Chin et al. (2020) | ||
| 8 | 56 | 15 min | 4.92 | MERS‐CoV | Leclercq et al. (2014) | ||
| 9 | 56 | 15 min | 3–4 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Wang et al. (2020) | ||
| 10 | 56 | 20 min | Incompletely inactivated | >5 | SARS‐CoV | Darnell et al. (2004) | |
| 11 | 56 | 30 min | Incompletely inactivated | >5 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Pastorino et al. (2020) | |
| 12 | 56 | 30 min | ND | >4.51 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Chin et al. (2020) | |
| 13 | 60 | 1 min | 2.60 | MHV‐2 | Saknimit et al. (1988) | ||
| 14 | 60 | 5 min | 3.55 | MHV‐2 | Saknimit et al. (1988) | ||
| 15 | 60 | 10 min | >6 | SARS‐CoV‐1 | Model prediction | Yap et al. (2020) | |
| 16 | 60 | 15 min | >4.51 | MHV‐2 | Saknimit et al. (1988) | ||
| 17 | 60 | 15 min | ND | >7 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Wang et al. (2020) | |
| 18 | 60 | 30 min | >4.51 | MHV‐2 | Saknimit et al. (1988) | ||
| 19 | 60 | 60 min | Incompletely inactivated | >5 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Pastorino et al. (2020) | |
| 20 | 60.2 | 0.20 s | >2 | MHV | This study | ||
| 21 | 65 | 30 s | 3.45 | MERS‐CoV | Leclercq et al. (2014) | ||
| 22 | 65 | 1 min | Incompletely inactivated | Data not shown | MERS‐CoV | Leclercq et al. (2014) | |
| 23 | 65 | 4 min | Incompletely inactivated | >5 | SARS‐CoV | Darnell et al. (2004) | |
| 24 | 65 | 15 min | ND | >5.59 | MERS‐CoV | Leclercq et al. (2014) | |
| 25 | 70 | 1 min | 5.34 | ~1.25 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Chin et al. (2020) | |
| 26 | 70 | 5 min | ND | >4.5 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Chin et al. (2020) | |
| 27 | 71.8 | 0.51 s | >5 | MHV | This study | ||
| 28 | 75 | 15 min | ND | >5 | SARS‐CoV | Darnell et al. (2004) | |
| 29 | 80 | <1 min | >6 | SARS‐CoV‐1 | Model prediction | Yap et al. (2020) | |
| 30 | 80 | 1 min | >4.51 | MHV‐2 | Saknimit et al. (1988) | ||
| 31 | 83.4 | 1.03 s | ND | >6 | MHV | This study | |
| 32 | 87.3 | 2.23 s | ND | >6 | MHV | This study | |
| 33 | 90 | 0.1 min | 6 | MERS‐CoV | Model prediction | Yap et al. (2020) | |
| 34 | 92 | 15 min | ND | >6 | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Pastorino et al. (2020) | |
| 35 | 110 | 0.1 min | 6 | SARS‐CoV‐1 | Model prediction | Darnell et al. (2004) | |
| 36 | 112 | 0.01 min | 6 | MERS‐CoV | Model prediction | Darnell et al. (2004) | |
| 37 | 120 | ~1 s | 6 | SARS‐CoV‐1 | Model prediction | Kratzel et al. (2020) |
Abbreviation: ND, not detectable.