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. 2021 Mar 17;12:634185. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634185

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Bai, Liu, Zhang, Liu, Zhang, Xu, Yang and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inhibition of serine protease activity in Ts-ML-ES reduced barrier disruption. (A) The TEER of Caco-2 cells incubated with TNF-α (20 ng/ml), Ts-ML-ES (25 μg/ml), Heat-inactivated Ts-ML-ES (25 μg/ml) or PMSF pretreated Ts-ML-ES (25 μg/ml). (B) The paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Caco-2 cells were incubated with the same stimuli as above. Data represent the mean ± SD of the mean of three independent experiments. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posttest.