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The effect of Ts-ML-ES on MAPK expression. The activation of ERK1/2 and P38 in Ts-ML-ES-treated cells. Caco-2 cells were incubated with TNF-α (20 ng/ml), Ts-ML-ES (25 μg/ml), heat-inactivated Ts-ML-ES (25 μg/ml), or PMSF-Ts-ML-ES (25 μg/ml). β-actin was used as the internal control. Representative blots of three independent experiments are shown.
