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. 2021 Mar 30;93(7):4303–4318. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26918

Table 1.

Covariate balancing results for enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin cohorts

Clinical covariate Unfractionated heparin cohort (matched) Enoxaparin cohort (matched) Unfractionated heparin cohort (original) Enoxaparin cohort (original)
Total number of patients 778 778 1076 2120
Age in years (standard deviation) 62 (18) 60.1 (19.1) 63.3 (17.3) 63.7 (323)
Sex
  • –
    Male
 463/777 (60%) 460 (59%) 651/1075 (61%) 1173 (55%)
Race
  • –
    Asian
 78 (10%) 64 (8.2%) 99 (9.2%) 236 (11%)
  • –
    Black/African American
 190 (24%) 192 (25%) 301 (28%) 448 (21%)
  • –
    Other
 122 (16%) 113 (15%) 162 (15%) 423 (20%)
  • –
    White/Caucasian
 386 (50%) 409 (53%) 511 (47%) 1012 (48%)
Ethnicity 1201/2119 (57%)
  • –
    Hispanic
 456/777 (59%) 466 (60%) 632/1075 (59%)
Pregnant 12 (1.5%) 12 (1.5%) 13 (1.2%) 25 (1.2%)
Comorbidities
  • –
    Asthma
 54 (6.9%) 57 (7.3%) 77 (7.2%) 184 (8.7%)
  • –
    Cancer
 46 (5.9%) 54 (6.9%) 73 (6.8%) 142 (6.7%)
  • –
    Cardiac arrhythmias
 63 (8.1%) 62 (8%) 109 (10%) 108 (5.1%)
  • –
    Chronic dialysis
 20 (2.6%) 10 (1.3%) 88 (8.2%) 10 (0.47%)
  • –
    Chronic kidney disease
 115 (15%) 120 (15%) 268 (25%) 142 (6.7%)
  • –
    Chronic pulmonary disease
 66 (8.5%) 73 (9.4%) 100 (9.3%) 164 (7.7%)
  • –
    Congestive heart failure
 75 (9.6%) 70 (9%) 164 (15%) 108 (5.1%)
  • –
    Coronary artery disease
 120 (15%) 122 (16%) 205 (19%) 192 (9.1%)
  • –
    Dementia
 48 (6.2%) 59 (7.6%) 77 (7.2%) 91 (4.3%)
  • –
    Depression
 82 (11%) 84 (11%) 112 (10%) 195 (9.2%)
  • –
    Diabetes
 286 (37%) 266 (34%) 448 (42%) 668 (32%)
  • –
    Hypertension
 463 (60%) 456 (59%) 701 (65%) 1026 (48%)
  • –
    Hypothyroidism
 60 (7.7%) 70 (9%) 91 (8.5%) 144 (6.8%)
  • –
    Obesity
 157 (20%) 154 (20%) 215 (20%) 470 (22%)
  • –
    Obstructive sleep apnea with home CPAP/BIPAP use
 54 (6.9%) 60 (7.7%) 86 (8%) 153 (7.2%)
  • –
    Stroke or other neurologic disorders
 67 (8.6%) 66 (8.5%) 107 (9.9%) 133 (6.3%)
Evidence of infiltrates via X‐ray or CT scan 451/582 (77%) 501/622 (81%) 643/814 (79%) 1328/1717 (77%)
ICU admission on first day of hospitalization 345 (44%) 349 (45%) 530 (49%) 702 (33%)
Oxygenation method on first day of hospitalization
  • –
    Any
 535 (69%) 535 (69%) 771 (72%) 1455 (69%)
  • –
    High flow nasal cannula
 62 (8%) 77 (9.9%) 78 (7.2%) 177 (8.3%)
  • –
    Invasive mechanical ventilation
 185 (24%) 187 (24%) 340 (32%) 221 (10%)
  • –
    Nasal cannula
 288 (37%) 275 (35%) 361 (34%) 986 (47%)
  • –
    Noninvasive mechanicalventilation (CPAP/BIPAP)
 29 (3.7%) 29 (3.7%) 35 (3.3%) 93 (4.4%)
  • –
    Bag mask
 19 (2.4%) 21 (2.7%) 25 (2.3%) 63 (3%)
  • –
    Non‐rebreather mask
 75 (9.6%) 77 (9.9%) 103 (9.6%) 154 (7.3%)
Admission diagnosis
  • –
    Acute hypoxic respiratory failure
 356 (46%) 360 (46%) 510 (47%) 1005 (47%)
(non‐ARDS)
  • –
    Acute kidney injury
 152 (20%) 139 (18%) 266 (25%) 204 (9.6%)
  • –
    ARDS
 106 (14%) 107 (14%) 160 (15%) 203 (9.6%)
  • –
    Bacterial pneumonia
 88 (11%) 92 (12%) 124 (12%) 210 (9.9%)
  • –
    Cardiac arrest
 13 (1.7%) 8 (1%) 30 (2.8%) 15 (0.71%)
  • –
    Cardiac arrhythmias
 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
  • –
    Congestive heart failure
 17 (2.2%) 20 (2.6%) 50 (4.6%) 26 (1.2%)
  • –
    Delirium/encephalopathy
 65 (8.4%) 76 (9.8%) 112 (10%) 98 (4.6%)
  • –
    Hyperglycemia
 56 (7.2%) 51 (6.6%) 89 (8.3%) 155 (7.3%)
  • –
    Sepsis
 112 (14%) 116 (15%) 186 (17%) 282 (13%)
  • –
    Shock
 42 (5.4%) 43 (5.5%) 90 (8.4%) 73 (3.4%)
  • –
    Stroke
 14 (1.8%) 8 (1%) 32 (3%) 9 (0.42%)
Average time (days) for first anticoagulant administration relative to hospital admission (enoxaparin or heparin). 1 (2.33) 0.925 (1.85) 1.04 (2.45) 0.786 (1.53)
Propensity score for enoxaparin versus heparin treatment (standard deviation) 0.471 (0.196) 0.479 (0.2) 0.377 (0.231) 0.623 (0.186)

Note: Summary of patient characteristics for matched and original cohorts of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients who have taken either: unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin (but not both). For numeric variables, such as age and first date of anticoagulant administration, the mean value for each cohort is shown with standard deviation in parentheses. For categorical variables, such as race and ethnicity, patient counts are shown with the percentage of each cohort in parentheses. Denominators are shown when the variable has substantial missing data.

Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BIPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure.