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. 2021 Mar 30;93(7):4303–4318. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26918

Table 1.

Covariate balancing results for enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin cohorts

Clinical covariate Unfractionated heparin cohort (matched) Enoxaparin cohort (matched) Unfractionated heparin cohort (original) Enoxaparin cohort (original)
Total number of patients 778 778 1076 2120
Age in years (standard deviation) 62 (18) 60.1 (19.1) 63.3 (17.3) 63.7 (323)
Sex
  • Male
463/777 (60%) 460 (59%) 651/1075 (61%) 1173 (55%)
Race
  • Asian
78 (10%) 64 (8.2%) 99 (9.2%) 236 (11%)
  • Black/African American
190 (24%) 192 (25%) 301 (28%) 448 (21%)
  • Other
122 (16%) 113 (15%) 162 (15%) 423 (20%)
  • White/Caucasian
386 (50%) 409 (53%) 511 (47%) 1012 (48%)
Ethnicity 1201/2119 (57%)
  • Hispanic
456/777 (59%) 466 (60%) 632/1075 (59%)
Pregnant 12 (1.5%) 12 (1.5%) 13 (1.2%) 25 (1.2%)
Comorbidities
  • Asthma
54 (6.9%) 57 (7.3%) 77 (7.2%) 184 (8.7%)
  • Cancer
46 (5.9%) 54 (6.9%) 73 (6.8%) 142 (6.7%)
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
63 (8.1%) 62 (8%) 109 (10%) 108 (5.1%)
  • Chronic dialysis
20 (2.6%) 10 (1.3%) 88 (8.2%) 10 (0.47%)
  • Chronic kidney disease
115 (15%) 120 (15%) 268 (25%) 142 (6.7%)
  • Chronic pulmonary disease
66 (8.5%) 73 (9.4%) 100 (9.3%) 164 (7.7%)
  • Congestive heart failure
75 (9.6%) 70 (9%) 164 (15%) 108 (5.1%)
  • Coronary artery disease
120 (15%) 122 (16%) 205 (19%) 192 (9.1%)
  • Dementia
48 (6.2%) 59 (7.6%) 77 (7.2%) 91 (4.3%)
  • Depression
82 (11%) 84 (11%) 112 (10%) 195 (9.2%)
  • Diabetes
286 (37%) 266 (34%) 448 (42%) 668 (32%)
  • Hypertension
463 (60%) 456 (59%) 701 (65%) 1026 (48%)
  • Hypothyroidism
60 (7.7%) 70 (9%) 91 (8.5%) 144 (6.8%)
  • Obesity
157 (20%) 154 (20%) 215 (20%) 470 (22%)
  • Obstructive sleep apnea with home CPAP/BIPAP use
54 (6.9%) 60 (7.7%) 86 (8%) 153 (7.2%)
  • Stroke or other neurologic disorders
67 (8.6%) 66 (8.5%) 107 (9.9%) 133 (6.3%)
Evidence of infiltrates via X‐ray or CT scan 451/582 (77%) 501/622 (81%) 643/814 (79%) 1328/1717 (77%)
ICU admission on first day of hospitalization 345 (44%) 349 (45%) 530 (49%) 702 (33%)
Oxygenation method on first day of hospitalization
  • Any
535 (69%) 535 (69%) 771 (72%) 1455 (69%)
  • High flow nasal cannula
62 (8%) 77 (9.9%) 78 (7.2%) 177 (8.3%)
  • Invasive mechanical ventilation
185 (24%) 187 (24%) 340 (32%) 221 (10%)
  • Nasal cannula
288 (37%) 275 (35%) 361 (34%) 986 (47%)
  • Noninvasive mechanicalventilation (CPAP/BIPAP)
29 (3.7%) 29 (3.7%) 35 (3.3%) 93 (4.4%)
  • Bag mask
19 (2.4%) 21 (2.7%) 25 (2.3%) 63 (3%)
  • Non‐rebreather mask
75 (9.6%) 77 (9.9%) 103 (9.6%) 154 (7.3%)
Admission diagnosis
  • Acute hypoxic respiratory failure
356 (46%) 360 (46%) 510 (47%) 1005 (47%)
(non‐ARDS)
  • Acute kidney injury
152 (20%) 139 (18%) 266 (25%) 204 (9.6%)
  • ARDS
106 (14%) 107 (14%) 160 (15%) 203 (9.6%)
  • Bacterial pneumonia
88 (11%) 92 (12%) 124 (12%) 210 (9.9%)
  • Cardiac arrest
13 (1.7%) 8 (1%) 30 (2.8%) 15 (0.71%)
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
  • Congestive heart failure
17 (2.2%) 20 (2.6%) 50 (4.6%) 26 (1.2%)
  • Delirium/encephalopathy
65 (8.4%) 76 (9.8%) 112 (10%) 98 (4.6%)
  • Hyperglycemia
56 (7.2%) 51 (6.6%) 89 (8.3%) 155 (7.3%)
  • Sepsis
112 (14%) 116 (15%) 186 (17%) 282 (13%)
  • Shock
42 (5.4%) 43 (5.5%) 90 (8.4%) 73 (3.4%)
  • Stroke
14 (1.8%) 8 (1%) 32 (3%) 9 (0.42%)
Average time (days) for first anticoagulant administration relative to hospital admission (enoxaparin or heparin). 1 (2.33) 0.925 (1.85) 1.04 (2.45) 0.786 (1.53)
Propensity score for enoxaparin versus heparin treatment (standard deviation) 0.471 (0.196) 0.479 (0.2) 0.377 (0.231) 0.623 (0.186)

Note: Summary of patient characteristics for matched and original cohorts of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients who have taken either: unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin (but not both). For numeric variables, such as age and first date of anticoagulant administration, the mean value for each cohort is shown with standard deviation in parentheses. For categorical variables, such as race and ethnicity, patient counts are shown with the percentage of each cohort in parentheses. Denominators are shown when the variable has substantial missing data.

Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BIPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure.