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. 2021 Mar 30;93(7):4303–4318. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26918

Table 2.

Comparison of patient outcomes for enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin cohorts

Outcome variable Heparin cohort (matched) (n = 778) Enoxaparin cohort (matched) (n = 778) BH‐adjusted p value Relative risk (95% confidence interval [CI]) Heparin versus enoxaparin
Number of patients with reported outcomes
  • –
    Mortality status at hospital discharge (alive or deceased)
 733 711
  • –
    Mortality status at 28 days (alive or deceased)
 463 528
  • –
    ICU admission
 732 714
  • –
    Hospital length of stay
 328 393
  • –
    ICU length of stay
 159 199
  • –
    Complications during hospitalization
 758 742
Mortality at hospital discharge 268/733 (37%) 154/711 (22%) 1.5e−8 1.69 (1.42, 2.00)
Mortality at 28 days 44/463 (9.5%) 12/528 (2.3%) 1.3e−5 4.18 (2.19, 7.51)
ICU admission during hospitalization 481/732 (66%) 399/714 (56%) 8.8e−4 1.18 (1.08, 1.28)
Hospital length of stay (days) 12.7 (12.2) 11.7 (10.3) .88
ICU length of stay (days) 12.3 (11.7) 10.9 (10.3) .47
Complications during hospitalization
  • –
    Acute cardiac injury
 39 (5.1%) 18 (2.4%) .03 2.12 (1.21, 3.60)
  • –
    Acute kidney injury
 280 (37%) 182 (25%) 2.9E−06 1.51 (1.29, 1.76)
  • –
    ARDS
 224 (30%) 200 (27%) .47 1.10 (0.93, 1.29)
  • –
    Anemia
 101 (13%) 70 (9.4%) .07 1.41 (1.06, 1.88)
  • –
    Bacteremia
 49 (6.5%) 35 (4.7%) .35 1.37 (0.90, 2.08)
  • –
    Bacterial pneumonia
 94 (12%) 95 (13%) .92 0.97 (0.74, 1.26)
  • –
    Cardiac arrest
 74 (9.8%) 65 (8.8%) .73 1.11 (0.81, 1.53)
  • –
    Cardiac arrhythmia
 54 (7.1%) 50 (6.7%) .92 1.06 (0.73, 1.53)
  • –
    Co‐ or secondary infection
 59 (7.8%) 53 (7.1%) .87 1.09 (0.76, 1.55)
  • –
    Congestive heart failure
 28 (3.7%) 14 (1.9%) .12 1.96 (1.03, 3.59)
  • –
    Deep vein thrombosis
 23 (3%) 21 (2.8%) .94 1.07 (0.60, 1.90)
  • –
    Hyperglycemia
 76 (10%) 103 (14%) .07 0.72 (0.55, 0.96)
  • –
    Liver dysfunction
 59 (7.8%) 47 (6.3%) .47 1.23 (0.85, 1.77)
  • –
    Pleural effusions
 36 (4.7%) 24 (3.2%) .35 1.47 (0.88, 2.41)
  • –
    Septic shock
 144 (19%) 95 (13%) .01 1.48 (1.17, 1.88)
  • –
    Stroke/cerebrovascular incident
 19 (2.5%) 11 (1.5%) .40 1.69 (0.81, 3.42)
  • –
    Viral pneumonitis
 111 (15%) 119 (16%) .68 0.91 (0.72, 1.16)

Note: Summary of clinical outcomes for matched cohorts of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients who have taken either unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin (but not both). For categorical variables, such as mortality status and complications, patient counts are shown with the percentage of each cohort in parentheses. Only patients with reported outcomes in each cohort are used to determine the percentages. For numeric variables, such as hospital and ICU length of stay, the mean value for each cohort is shown with standard deviation in parentheses. In addition, Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p values are shown for the statistical tests comparing the outcome variables for the matched enoxaparin and Heparin cohorts; relative risk of outcomes (heparin relative to enoxaparin) are shown as well, along with 95% CI.

Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit.