TABLE 4.
Neonatal outcomes
| Review | No. of newborns a | No. of tested newborns | Stillbirth, n/N (%) b | Neonatal death, n/N (%) b | Neonatal admission to special care and/or NICU, n/N (%) b | Mechanical ventilation required, n/N (%) b | APGAR score <7 at 5 min, n/N (%) b | Infection status of the newborn, n/N (%) b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AbdelMassih 2020 21 | 1787 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2 | N/A | 45 |
| Akhtar 2020 22 | 108 | N/A | 9 | 3 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7 |
| Allotey c 2020 23 | N/A | N/A | 18/2837 (0%; 95% CI 0%–0%) | 6/1728 (0%; 95% CI 0%–0%) | 368/1348 (25%; 95% CI 14%–37%) | N/A | 11/500 (1%; 95% CI 0%–2%) | N/A |
| Arabi c 2020 24 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 (0%; 95% CI 0%–2%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Ashraf 2020 25 | 92 | N/A | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4 |
| Banaei 2020 26 | 124 | N/A | 1 | 1 | 4 | N/A | N/A | 5 |
| Capobianco c 2020 27 | 108 | N/A | 1 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4 (6%; 95% CI 2%−12%) |
| Chamseddine 2020 28 | 128 | 44 | 3/163 (1.8%) | 1/128 (0.8%) | N/A | N/A | 3/68 (4.4%) | 3/44 (6.8%) |
| Chang 2020 29 | 19 | 19 | N/A | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0/19 (0%) |
| Chi 2020 30 | 105 | 91 | 1/107 (0.9%) | 1/105 (1.0%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8/91 (8.8%) |
| Della Gatta 2020 31 | 48 | 48 | 1/48 (2.1%) | 1/48 (2.1%) | 1/48 (2.1%) | N/A | N/A | 1/48 (2.1%) |
| Dhir 2020 32 | 1184 | 1048 | N/A | 1/1184 (0.1%) | 22/58 (38%) d | 10/58 (17.2%) d | 2/25 e | 58/1048 (5.5%) |
| Di Mascio c 2020 11 | 42 | 42 | 1/41 (2.4%) | 1/41 (2.4%) | 1/10 (10%) | N/A | 1/41 (2.4%) | 0/42 (0%) |
| Diriba c 2020 33 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5/430 (1.2%; 95% CI 1%–8.7%) | 8/69 (11.6%; 95% CI 5.4%–22.6%) | N/A | 1/72 (1.4%; 95% CI 0%–8.9%) | 0/1271 (0%; 95% CI 0%–1.5%) f |
| Duran 2020 34 | 222 | N/A | N/A | 1 | 111 | N/A | N/A | 13 |
| Elshafeey 2020 35 | 256 | N/A | 2/385 (0.5%) | 1/256 (0.4%) | 8/256 (3.1%) | 3/256 (1.2%) | N/A | 4/256 (1.6%) |
| Furlan 2020 36 | 188 | N/A | 1/188 | 1/188 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4 |
| Gajbhiye 2020 37 | 391 | 313 | 6/344 (1.7%) | 4/369 (1.1%) | (8%) | N/A | N/A | 24/313 (7.7%) |
| Gao 2020 38 | N/A | N/A | 1/13 (7.7%) | 1/9 (11.1%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 3/167 (1.8%) |
| Gordon g 2020 39 | 46 | 10 | N/A | 0/10 (0%) | N/A | N/A | 0/3 (0%) | 7/8 (87.5%) |
| Huntley 2020 40 | 435 | 310 | N/A | 1/313 (0.3%) | 137/211 (64.9%) | N/A | 1/203 (0.5%) | 0/310 (0%) |
| Juan 2020 41 | 221 | 160 | N/A | 1/221 (0.5%) | 49/173 (28.3%) | N/A | N/A | 3/160 (1.9%) |
| Jutzeler 2020 42 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Kasraeian c 2020 43 | 86 | 50 | 0.2% | 0.2% | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0/50 (0%) |
| Khalil c 2020 44 | N/A | N/A | 12/1362 (0.9%; 95% CI 0.5%–1.5%) | 4/688 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.2%–1.5%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 19/751 (1.4%; 95% CI 0.4%–4.7%) |
| Khan 2020 45 | 56 | 43 | 0/56 (0%) | 1/56 (1.8%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1/43 (2.3%) |
| Kotlyar c 2020 46 | N/A | 979 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 27/936 (3.2%; 95% CI 2.2%–4.3%) |
| Lopes de Sousa 2020 47 | 598 | 493 | 2/755 (0.3%) h | 10/598 (1.7%) | N/A | N/A | 16/595 (2.7%) | 9/493 (1.8%) |
| Matar c 2020 48 | 94 | N/A | 2 | 3 (11.7%, 95% CI 6.8%–19.2%) | (63.7%; 95% CI 37.8%–83.5) | N/A | N/A | 2 (11.5%; 95% CI 6.7%–19.2%) |
| Melo 2020 49 | 432 h | 432 h | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1/10 (10%) d | 10/432 (2.3%) i |
| Mirbeyk 2020 50 | 302 | 219 | 1/386 (0.3%) | 3/302 (1.0%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 11/219 (5%) |
| Muhidin 2020 51 | 89 | N/A | 1 | 2/89 (2.2%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 |
| Mullins 2020 7 | 29 | 15 | 1/32 (3.1%) | 1/29 (3.4%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Parazzini 2020 52 | 65 | 45 | N/A | 1/65 (1.5%) | 3 | N/A | 0/54 (0%) | 2/45 (4.4%) |
| Paulino Vigil‐De Gracia 2020 53 | 84 | N/A | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4 |
| Pettirosso 2020 54 | N/A | 655 | 7 | 6 | N/A | N/A | 6 | 19/655 (2.9%) |
| Rodríguez‐Blanco c 2020 55 | 74 | 66 | N/A | 1/74 (1.4%) | N/A | N/A | 0/57 (0%) | 0/66 (0%) |
| Sepúlveda‐ Martinez c 2020 68 | 252 | 223 | N/A | 2/252 (1%; 95% CI 0%–3%) | N/A | N/A | 1/198 (0.5%) | 5/223 (1%; 95% CI, 2%–19%) |
| Sharps 2020 56 | N/A | 307 | 11 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7/307 (2.3%) |
| Simões 2020 57 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Smith 2020 58 | 60 | 18 | 1/37 (2.7%) | 1/37 (2.7%) | 11/13 (76.9%) | N/A | 0/32 (0%) | 1/21 (4.8%) |
| Soheili c 2020 59 | N/A | N/A | 2/65 (2%; 95% CI 1%–6%) | 2/65 (4%; 95% CI 1%–9%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Sun c 2020 60 | N/A | 29 | 1/41 (8%; 95% CI −0.07% to 23%) | 1 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0/29 (0%) |
| Teles Abrao 2020 61 | 118 | 95 | 1/118 (0.8%) | 1/118 (0.8%) | 24/118 (20.3%) | N/A | N/A | 1/95 (1.1%) |
| Trippella 2020 62 | 248 | 191 | 2/248 (0.8%) | 1/248 (0.4%) | 4/16 (25%) | 1/248 (0.4%) | 5/190 (2.6%) | 16/191 (8.4%) |
| Trocado 2020 63 | 51 | 48 | N/A | 1/51 (2.0%) | N/A | N/A | 0 | 1/48 (2.1%) |
| Turan 2020 64 | 479 | 405 | 7/479 (1.4%) | 5/479 (1.0%) | 54/479 (11.3%) | N/A | 6/361 (1.7%) | 8/405 (2%) |
| Yang 2020 A 9 | 84 | N/A | 1/98 (1.0%) | 1/84 (1.2%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7/84 (8.3%) |
| Yang 2020 B 65 | 83 | 83 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 9/83 (10.9%) |
| Yee c 2020 69 | 103 | 68 | 2/56 (1.7%; 95% CI 0.0%–8.8%) | 0/70 (0%; 95% CI 0.0%–2.5%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4/68 (2.2%; 95% CI 0.0%–9.3%) |
| Yoon 2020 66 | 201 | 167 | 2/201 (1.0%) | 1/177 (0.6%) | N/A | 1 | N/A | 4/167 (2.4%) |
| Zaigham 2020 67 | 87 | 75 | 1/87 (1.1%) | 1/87 (1.1%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1/75 (1.3%) |
Abbreviation: N/A, not available.
a
Born to women infected with SARS‐COV‐2.
b
n, n/N (%) or (%; 95% CI) from meta‐analyses (fixed or random effect), according to the availability of data in the included systematic reviews.
c
Some outcomes were estimated from meta‐analyses using fixed or random effects.
d
Data from newborns with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
e
Only reported for case reports included in the review.
f
The review estimated this outcome using the number of pregnant women as the denominator (N).
g
Only newborns infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 are included in this review.
h
Inconsistency between tables and text or within the manuscript for this outcome.
i
Sixteen newborns had a positive RT‐PCR in nasopharyngeal swab but authors of the systematic review only considered ten as possible vertical transmission.