Direct instructions
1.	My instructor provides useful illustrations that help to make the course content more understandable to me.
2.	My instructor presents helpful examples that allows me to better understand the content of the course.
3.	My instructor provides clarifying explanations or other feedback that allows me to better understand the content of the course.
Learner–instructor interactions
1.	I have numerous interactions from the instructor during the class.
2.	I always ask my questions to the instructors’ using different electronic means, such as email, discussion boards, video conferencing (Zoom, Google Hangouts, Skype & Cisco WebEx), instant messaging tools (Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp), etc.
3.	My instructor regularly posts some questions for us to discuss on the discussion board.
4.	My instructor always replies my questions in a timely fashion.
5.	I always reply to messages from my instructors.
6.	I always receive enough feedback from my instructors when I need it.
Learner–learner interactions
1.	I get required interactions and support for my class projects from my classmates.
2.	I receive lots of feedback from my classmates.
3.	I communicate with my classmates about the course content through different electronic means, such as email, discussion boards, video conferencing (Zoom, Google Hangouts, Skype & Cisco WebEx), instant messaging tools (Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp), etc.
4.	I always answer questions asked by my classmates through different electronic means, such as email, discussion board, instant messaging tools, etc.
5.	I always share my thoughts or ideas about the lectures and its application with other students during online classes.
6.	During online classes, I always comment on the other students' thoughts and ideas.
7.	I get real time interaction during online classes and can participate in class group activities.
8.	Overall, I get numerous interactions related to the course content with fellow students.
Perceived self‐efficacy (Internet self‐efficacy)
1.	I feel confident using the e‐learning system.
2.	I feel confident in operating e‐learning functions.
3.	I feel confident using online learning contents.
Online learning motivation
1.	The overall costs motivate me to take online classes during the Covid‐19.
2	I feel online classes are as convenient as traditional class room.
3	I feel the overall environment is favorable and motivate me to take online classes during the Covid‐19.
4	I feel at home (comfortable) in participating in online classes.
5	I feel the flexible time/class schedule is an important for me to take online classes.
6	I feel secure participating in online classes as I can avoid campus violence among different students' wings/political wings.
7	The interesting course design also motivate to participate online classes.
8	I feel secure to participate in online classes as I don't have to worry regarding my online privacy/data privacy/hacking.
9	I get the necessary support from my family members to ensure the learning environment in participating in online classes.
10	I feel my family don't misunderstand me considering I am wasting time going online (visiting unwanted sites).
11	The real time online resources are also important and motivate me to take online classes.
12	Uninterrupted power supply and internet availability motivate me to take online classes.
13	I really enjoy online classes during Covid‐19.
Student's online learning satisfaction
1.	I am satisfied with the online instructional styles of the instructors during Covid‐19.
2.	I am satisfied with the learning contents and course structure designed for online classes during Covid‐19.
3.	I am satisfied with the instructors and teaching assistants (if any).
4.	I am satisfied with the use of online discussion forum during Covid‐19.
5.	I am satisfied with the group projects for the course assignment and the criteria for group projects during Covid‐19.
6.	I am satisfied with the exams conducted online during Covid‐19.
7.	Overall, I am satisfied with online classes during Covid‐19.