Table 3.

Potential clinical implication of IGFBP-1 in multiple tumor types

Tumor type	Sample type	Detection Method	Tumor cases, n	Controls, n	Description	Refs
Liver Cancer	Blood	ELISA	42	47	Significantly increased in liver cancer	[65]
	Serum	ELISA	24	-	Elevated IGFBP-1 level correlated with improved PFS and OS	[66]
	Tissue	IHC	90	90	Down-regulated in HCC tissues and correlated with poor survival	[70]
	Blood	Q-PCR	25	-	Lower IGFBP-1 level correlated with shortened time to progression	[71]
Breast Cancer	Blood	ELISA	512	-	Lower IGFBP-1 level associated with distant recurrence	[81]
	Blood	Immunoradi-ometric Assay; ELISA; Genotyping	-	-	No important association with breast cancer risk	[83-89]
Gastrointestinal Cancers	Tissue (gastric cancer)	IHC	219	-	Higher IGFBP-1 level associated with haematogenous metastasis and poor survival	[103]
	Serum (gastric cancer)	ELISA	207	333	Elevated in the serum; AUC: 0.906, 73.43% sensitivity, 91.29% specificity	[104]
	Serum (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)	ELISA	287	333	Elevated in the serum; AUC: 0.901, 70.38% sensitivity, 91.29% specificity	[104]
	Serum (esophagogastric junction adenocarcinom)	ELISA	237	333	Elevated in the serum; AUC: 0.938, 77.22% sensitivity, 91.29% specificity	[104]
	Blood (pancreatic cancer)	ELISA	144	429	Low IGFBP-1 level significantly predicted an increased risk of pancreatic cancer	[105]
Endometrial Cancer	Serum, Tissue	IHC, ELISA, Q-PCR	34	34	Significantly increased in endometrial cancer	[113]
	Blood	Genotyping	692	1723	No significant association with endometrial cancer risk	[115]
Other Cancers	Plasma (Ovarian Cancer)	Genotyping	1173	1201	Significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk	[120]
	Plasma (Prostate Cancer)	ELISA	957	1021	Higher IGFBP-1 level associated with lower risk of prostate cancer	[123]
	Plasma (Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma)	ELISA	142	128	Higher IGFBP-1 level significantly correlated with poor RFS and OS	[126]