STAT5 inhibitor suppressed foam cell formatting and inflammation in oxLDL-stimulated macrophages. (A) Macrophages were pretreated with STAT5-IN-1 (10 μM) or vehicle (DMSO, 1 μL) for 1 h and then stimulated with oxLDL (100 µg/mL) for 1 h. The foam cell formatting was observed by oil red O staining. The phosphorylation of STAT5 in macrophages was detected by western blotting. (B) Representative images of oil red O staining showed that STAT5-IN-1 inhibited oxLDL-induced foam cell formatting. Macrophages were pretreated with STAT5-IN-1 (10 μM) or vehicle (DMSO, 1 μL) for 1 h and then stimulated with oxLDL (100 µg/mL) for 24 h. The foam cell formatting was observed by oil red O staining. (C, D) STAT5-IN-1 decreased the secretion levels of inflammatory factors in oxLDL-induced macrophages. Pretreating with STAT5-IN-1 (10 μM) or vehicle (DMSO, 1 μL) for 1 h, Macrophages were stimulated with oxLDL (50 µg/mL) for 24 h. ELISA was used to measure the levels of IL-6 (C) and TNF-α (D). (E-H) STAT5-IN-1 reduced the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in oxLDL-induced macrophages. Pretreated with STAT5-IN-1 (10 μM) or vehicle (DMSO, 1 μL) for 1 h, Macrophages were stimulated with oxLDL (50 µg/mL) for 6 h. The mRNA expressions of IL-6 (E), TNF-α (F), VCAM-1 (G) and ICAM-1 (H) were detected by RT-qPCR. (I) STAT5-IN-1 reduced the protein expression of TNF-α in oxLDL-induced macrophages. Pretreated with STAT5-IN-1 (10 μM) or vehicle (DMSO, 1 μL) for 1 h, Macrophages were stimulated with oxLDL (50 µg/mL) for 24 h and then the total protein was collected. The expression of TNF-α was detected by western blot. (Bars represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001, vs. vehicle group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, vs. oxLDL group).