Table 2.
Meta‐analysis outcomes (random‐effects model)
| Variable | K | Mean or Prevalence (%) | 95%CI | Prediction Interval | n | I 2 | t 2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Mean age | 21 | 51.43 | 48.35;54.52 | 41.54;61.32 | 8837 | 46% | 19.85 | .01 |
| Male | 20 | 52.91 | 50.44;55.37 | 43.10;62.50 | 8821 | 77% | 0.03 | .001 | |
| Female | 20 | 46.91 | 44.50;49.34 | 37.5;56.48 | 8821 | 76% | 0.03 | .01 | |
| Comorbidities | CD | 17 | 9.32 | 5.89;14.44 | 1.13;47.87 | 6944 | 97% | 0.99 | .01 |
| Diabetes | 16 | 13 | 8.82;18.88 | 2.17;50.38 | 6845 | 97% | 0.74 | .01 | |
| COPD | 14 | 3.66 | 2.41;5.52 | 0.75;15.92 | 6632 | 88% | 0.49 | .01 | |
| Hypertension | 16 | 22.49 | 15.49;31.49 | 3.71;68.60 | 5765 | 98% | 0.83 | .01 | |
| Malignancies | 14 | 3.19 | 2.07;4.87 | 0.61;14.89 | 6585 | 88% | 0.53 | .01 | |
| Obesity | 2 | 40.19 | 29.23;52.22 | Ni | 1093 | 81% | 0.32 | .02 | |
| Clinical Features | |||||||||
| Signs | Temperature >38° | 6 | 38.96 | 25.65;54.14 | 6.19;86.05 | 3483 | 98% | 0.56 | .01 |
| Mean temperature | 5 | 36.96 | 36.53;37.39 | 35.75;38.18 | 2898 | 47% | 0.09 | .1 | |
| Mean RR | 5 | 20.01 | 19.06;20.95 | 18.47;21.54 | 2353 | 0% | 0 | .99 | |
| Mean HR | 4 | 83.91 | 75.40;92.42 | 65.23;102.59 | 1353 | 5% | 0 | .97 | |
| Symptoms | Fatigue | 16 | 34.10 | 29.11;39.46 | 16.24;58.00 | 7465 | 95% | 0.19 | .01 |
| Cough | 19 | 64.05 | 60.33;67.60 | 47.16;78.04 | 7525 | 89% | 0.10 | .01 | |
| Fever | 20 | 77.50 | 71.45;82.58 | 43.45;93.92 | 7636 | 97% | 0.48 | .01 | |
| Diarrhoea | 19 | 9.42 | 7.34;12.01 | 2.84;27.51 | 8823 | 93% | 0.34 | .01 | |
| Myalgia | 19 | 20.25 | 16.44;23.76 | 8.04;41.20 | 8719 | 93% | 0.22 | .01 | |
| Dyspnoea | 20 | 22.19 | 15.38;30.92 | 3.19;71.17 | 8944 | 99% | 1.00 | .01 | |
| Headache | 16 | 8.69 | 6.94;10.82 | 3.47;20.10 | 8294 | 88% | 0.18 | .01 | |
| Rhinorrhoea | 10 | 5.44 | 3.02;9.63 | 0.59;35.68 | 5939 | 97% | 0.86 | .01 | |
| Sore throat | 9 | 12.66 | 7.58;20.40 | 1.74;54.28 | 6417 | 97% | 0.70 | .01 | |
| Anorexia | 6 | 19.40 | 12.70;28.48 | 3.86;59.03 | 2813 | 94% | 0.34 | .01 | |
| CT Finding | Bilateral Involvement | 15 | 65.22 | 49.45;77.62 | 10.37;96.70 | 7291 | 99% | 1.53 | .01 |
| Pleural effusion | 3 | 3.06 | 0.78;11.26 | 0.00;99.99 | 2159 | 96% | 1.44 | .01 | |
| GGO | 9 | 38.25 | 24.80;53.78 | 5.45;86.93 | 5041 | 99% | 1.30 | .01 | |
| Consolidation | 3 | 7.20 | 2.62;16.51 | 0;99.99 | 3100 | 98% | 1.14 | .01 | |
| Patchy shadows | 5 | 58.34 | 36.80;76.52 | 4.45;97.60 | 2543 | 98% | 1.33 | .01 | |
| Laboratory findings | WBC ↑ | 9 | 10.23 | 5.70;17.67 | 1.07;54.35 | 3783 | 96% | 1.28 | .01 |
| WBC ↓ | 10 | 21.50 | 16.08;28.13 | 6.79;50.73 | 3985 | 95% | 0.29 | .01 | |
| Lymphocytes ↓ | 10 | 50.08 | 33.81;65.62 | 7.19;92.63 | 2918 | 98% | 1.05 | .01 | |
| CRP ↑ | 11 | 58.34 | 49.45;66.72 | 25.83;84.91 | 5022 | 97% | 0.34 | .01 | |
| LDH ↑ | 9 | 47.38 | 39.59;55.29 | 21.85;74.35 | 4422 | 96% | 0.21 | .01 | |
| ALT ↑ | 11 | 18.30 | 8.95;33.78 | 0.85;85.38 | 4804 | 99% | 2.30 | .01 | |
| AST ↑ | 11 | 26.03 | 14.82;40.56 | 2.25;83.75 | 5593 | 99% | 1.30 | .01 | |
| Al ↓ | 7 | 59.20 | 32.68;81.25 | 2.60;98.74 | 2945 | 99% | 2.10 | .01 | |
| Cr ↑ | 8 | 22.36 | 5.79;56.27 | 0.09;98.78 | 3601 | 99% | 5.16 | .01 | |
| Tbil ↑ | 6 | 16.10 | 4.30;45.03 | 0.08;97.72 | 3110 | 99% | 3.24 | .01 | |
| D‐Dimer ↑ | 7 | 27.04 | 19.53;35.22 | 7.99;60.29 | 2840 | 95% | 0.26 | .01 | |
Abbreviations: Al, Albumin; ALT, Alanine transaminase; AST, Aspartate transaminase; CD, Cardiac disease; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cr, Serum creatinine; CRP, C‐reactive protein; GGO, Ground glass opacities; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; Ni, not imputable; Tbil, Total bilirubin; WBC, White blood count.