Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of COVID‐19 patients treated with or without corticosteroid in non‐severe and severe group
| Non‐severe group | Severe group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corticosteroid | No corticosteroid | p Value | Corticosteroid | No corticosteroid | p Value | |
| Number of patients | 79 | 196 | 178 | 90 | ||
| Demographic information | ||||||
| Age, years | 48 (32–58) | 44 (32–56) | 0.27 | 55 (45–64) | 56 (40–67) | .95 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 30 (39%) | 79 (40%) | .84 | 89 (50%) | 46 (51%) | .86 |
| Female | 49 (61%) | 117 (60%) | 89 (50%) | 44 (49%) | ||
| Comorbidity | 31 (39%) | 55 (28%) | .07 | 109 (61%) | 55 (61%) | .98 |
| Hypertension | 12 (15%) | 22 (11%) | .37 | 46 (26%) | 23 (26%) | .96 |
| Diabetes | 2 (3%) | 7 (4%) | .66 | 32 (18%) | 14 (16%) | .62 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 3 (4%) | 7 (4%) | .93 | 13 (7%) | 3 (3%) | .28 |
| Liver disease | 3 (4%) | 4 (2%) | .40 | 9 (5%) | 2 (2%) | .27 |
| Renal disease | 0 | 2 (1%) | .37 | 5 (3%) | 1 (1%) | .37 |
| Days from the onset to admission | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–8) | .99 | 8 (6–10) | 9 (5–11) | .99 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||||
| Fever | 70 (89%) | 160 (82%) | .16 | 162 (91%) | 79 (88%) | .41 |
| Cough | 56 (71%) | 131 (67%) | .51 | 117 (66%) | 51 (57%) | .15 |
| Shortness of breath | 14 (18%) | 31 (16%) | .70 | 79 (44%) | 33 (37%) | .23 |
| RR, bpm | 20 (20–20) | 20 (20–21) | .49 | 20 (20–21) | 20 (20–20) | .005 |
| HR, bpm | 85 (80–102) | 86 (78–96) | .26 | 88 (80–100) | 84 (77–98) | .08 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| PaO2, mmHg | 89 (74–111) | 98 (83–104) | .24 | 75 (62–96) | 86 (76–105) | .007 |
| White blood cell count, ×109/L | 4.5 (3.2–5.8) | 4.5 (3.6–5.7) | .69 | 4.9 (3.8–6.3) | 4.6 (3.6–5.9) | .45 |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 3.1 (1.8–4.7) | 2.7 (1.9–3.6) | .14 | 3.7 (2.4–5.1) | 3.2 (2.2–4.5) | .22 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | .0002 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | .003 |
| CRP, mg/L | 19.0 (9.4–41.9) | 13.3 (5.4–28.6) | .03 | 32.7 (15.3–61.2) | 23.1 (8.5–51.1) | .01 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 17 (13–27) | 20 (14–30) | .19 | 21 (15–36) | 20 (13–28) | .10 |
| Total bilirubin, umol/L | 9.7 (7.2–12.4) | 8.9 (6.8–11.5) | .34 | 8.4 (6.1–10.9) | 8.3 (5.8–10.6) | .59 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 56 (49–70) | 58 (49–71) | .80 | 59 (48–70) | 59 (47–76) | .77 |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 67 (54–83) | 61 (51–76) | .07 | 69 (55–85) | 66 (54–83) | .77 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 226 (176–258) | 201 (171–244) | .08 | 278 (222–361) | 246 (198–299) | .007 |
| Treatments | ||||||
| Antiviral | 76 (96%) | 174 (89%) | .06 | 167 (94%) | 83 (92%) | .62 |
| Antibacterial | 77 (97%) | 104 (53%) | <.0001 | 168 (94%) | 75 (83%) | .003 |
| Immunotherapy | 30 (38%) | 26 (13%) | <.0001 | 77 (43%) | 20 (22%) | .0007 |
| Oxygen delivery | 1 (1%) | 0 | .29 | 162 (91%) | 86 (96%) | .22 |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Deaths | 2 (3%) | 1 (1%) | .14 | 13 (7%) | 15 (17%) | .02 |
| Length of hospital stay | 13 (11–18) | 10 (7–13) | <.0001 | 14 (10–18) | 10 (8–13) | <.0001 |
Note: Data are expressed as n (%), median (IQR).
Abbreviations: COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRP, C‐reactive protein; HR, heart rate; IQR, interquartile range; PaO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; RR, respiratory rate.