Table 2.

Independent associations between increased intraoperative venous congestion, quantified as the area under the curve of central venous pressure above 12, 16, and 20 mm Hg, and acute kidney injury. Odds ratios represent the independent association between a 60 mm Hg min increase in the area under the curve above and the corresponding central venous pressure threshold median value. CI, confidence interval.

	Central venous pressure threshold (mm Hg)	Acute kidney injury Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Venous congestion throughout surgery	12	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	0.008
	16	1.12 (1.02–1.23)	0.013
	20	1.30 (1.06–1.59)	0.012
Pre-cardiopulmonary bypass venous congestion	12	1.11 (1.03–1.20)	0.004
	16	1.25 (1.06–1.47)	0.009
	20	1.44 (1.06–1.96)	0.018
Post-cardiopulmonary bypass venous congestion	12	1.07 (0.996–1.14)	0.065
	16	1.18 (1.00–1.38)	0.046
	20	1.45 (1.02–2.09)	0.041