Table 2.
Average Concentration of Quantified NPSs in Raw Wastewater from Four Communities in Southern Illinoisa
| analytes | C1 (ng/L ± SE) | C2 (ng/L ± SE) | C3 (ng/L ± SE) | C4 (ng/L ± SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synthetic Opioids carfentanil | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2 |
| furanyl fentanyl | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | ND |
| methoxyacetyl fentanyl | <MDL | <MDL | ±0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.5 |
| Synthetic Cannabinoids MAB-CHMINACA | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
| Synthetic Cathinones methcathinone | 11.3 ± 0.8 | 17.8 ± 1.3 | 34.3 ± 2.1 | 16.9 ± 2.6 |
| 4-methyl pentedrone | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.2 |
| MMMP | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.05 |
| Piperazine mCPP | 56.4 ± 2.7 | 42.1 ± 2.6 | 10.3 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.6 |
| indole 5IT | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 19.2 ± 6.3 |
| Anticonvulsant gabapentin | 131,000 ± 7600 | 58,600 ± 5100 | 25,500 ± 1150 | 12,100 ± 1370 |
a
MDL: method detection limit; ND: non detected, MMMP: 2-methyl-4′-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophenone; mCPP: 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine; 5IT: 5-(2-aminopropyl) indole.