Table 1:
Characteristics of boys enrolled in Moving to Opportunity, 1994–2010, by randomized voucher assignment. Numbers are percentages unless otherwise specified. Survey weighted and combined across 10 imputed datasets. All results were approved for release by the U.S. Census Bureau, authorization number CBDRB-FY20-ERD002–031
| Characteristic | Voucher N=1400 | Control N=700 | Missing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||
| Age at baseline, mean (sd) | 4.7 (0.1) | 4.8 (0.1) | 0 |
| Site | 0 | ||
| Boston, % | 24 | 23 | |
| Chicago, % | 30 | 28 | |
| LA, % | 20 | 18 | |
| NYC, % | 26 | 30 | |
| Race/ethnicity | 2 | ||
| White race, % | 2 | 1 | |
| Black race, % | 60 | 58 | |
| Hispanic/Latino, % | 34 | 38 | |
| Other race, % | 5 | 2 | |
| Behavioral problems, % | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Gifted, % | 5 | 7 | 0 |
| Adult graduated high school, % | 37 | 35 | 0 |
| Adult never married, % | 64 | 65 | 0 |
| Adult under 18 at birth of child, % | 28 | 26 | 0 |
| Adult working, % | 23 | 22 | 0 |
| Adult felt unsafe in neighborhood at night, % | 49 | 50 | 0 |
| Adult very dissatisfied with neighborhood, % | 46 | 46 | 0 |
| Adult primary reason for moving is schools, % | 55 | 48 | 0 |
| Household receives AFDC, % | 79 | 78 | 0 |
| Household member has a disability, % | 16 | 19 | 0 |
| Household size=2, % | 8 | 7 | 0 |
| Household size=3, % | 22 | 25 | 0 |
| Household size>4, % | 28 | 24 | 0 |
| Household had section 8 before, % | 35 | 44 | 0 |
| Moved 3+ times previously, % | 9 | 12 | 0 |
| Baseline neighborhood poverty, % | 54.1 (0.6) | 54.2 (0.8) | 2 |
| Mediators (measured between baseline and final timepoints) | |||
| Neighborhood poverty | |||
| Follow-up neighborhood poverty, mean (sd) | 32.3 (0.4) | 40.5 (0.6) | 0 |
| School environment | |||
| % students receiving free/reduced lunch, mean (sd) | 70.0 (5.3) | 73.0 (4.2) | 9 |
| % Title I schools, mean (sd) | 61.2 (6.8) | 64.5 (5.3) | 8 |
| School ranks, mean (sd) | 24.5 (6.8) | 21.9 (5.3) | 12 |
| Ratio of students to teacher, mean (sd) | 17.5 (1.0) | 17.5 (0.7) | 8 |
| Instability of the social environment | |||
| Number of schools, mean (sd) | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.4) | 8 |
| Number of moves, mean (sd) | 2.9 (0.1) | 2.2 (0.1) | 0 |
| Number of school changes during year, mean (sd) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.1) | 8 |
| School in baseline district, % | 53 | 56 | 8 |
| Outcomes (measured at final timepoint) | |||
| Any past-year DSM disorder, % | 35 | 30 | 8 |
| Any past-year DSM mood disorder, % | 24 | 18 | 8 |
| Any past-year DSM externalizing disorder, % | 32 | 27 | 8 |
| Smoked cigarettes in past 30 days, % | 43 | 36 | 16 |