Table 1.

Natural Medicinal Compounds: Their Active Constituents and Roles in Bone Health

Sources	Chemical structure	Active constituent	Role in bone health	Refs
Turmeric		Curcumin	Works by modulating osteosarcoma, osteoblast, and osteoclast cellular function and thereby controls bone tumor formation, bone resorption, and new bone formation	[15–17]
Garlic		Allicin	Works by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast cellular function and exhibits its activity against bone resorption and oxidative stress-induced damage to bone	[18–20]
Aloe vera		Acemannan	Works by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast cellular function and therefore controls bone formation and resorption	[11–14]
Ginger		Gingerol	Works by modulating osteoblast and osteosarcoma and therefore controls bone formation and bone tumor growth	[21,22]
Soy		Isoflavones	Works by modulating osteoblast and osteosarcoma cellular function and thereby controls bone formation and chemoprevention	[28–31]
Green tea		Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG)	Works by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast cellular function and thereby controls bone formation and resorption	[23–27]