The history of human infections with avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Arrows in red and blue indicate human infections with high-pathogenicity AIVs (HPAIVs) and low-pathogenicity AIVs (LPAIVs), respectively. The length of the arrows represents the time frame during which human cases were reported. (USA) United States of America, (UK) United Kingdom, (ITA) Italy, (NLD) the Netherlands, (CAN) Canada, (EGY) Egypt, (AUS) Australia, (MEX) Mexico, (CHN) China.