Table 1.
Characteristics of allogeneic HCT recipients with first documented HCoV infection (N = 297)
| Characteristics | Categories | Total (N = 297) | URTI (N = 254) | LRTI (N = 43) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at HCoV diagnosis, y | Median (IQR) | 45 (25-60) | 44 (23-60) | 48 (34-62) |
| Children at HCoV diagnosis | <18 y old | 61 (21) | 55 (22) | 6 (14) |
| Children’s age at HCoV diagnosis, y | Median (range) | 9 (0-18) | 9 (0-18) | 5 (0-18) |
| Sex | Male | 170 (57) | 140 (55) | 30 (70) |
| Female | 127 (43) | 114 (45) | 13 (30) | |
| Race | White | 239 (80) | 206 (81) | 33 (77) |
| Nonwhite | 42 (14) | 37 (15) | 5 (12) | |
| Others | 16 (5) | 11 (4) | 5 (12) | |
| Year of transplant | 2008-2013 | 141 (47) | 123 (48) | 18 (42) |
| 2014-2018 | 156 (53) | 131 (52) | 25 (58) | |
| Transplant number | First | 238 (80) | 206 (81) | 32 (74) |
| Second or higher | 59 (20) | 48 (19) | 11 (26) | |
| Stem cell source | Bone marrow | 52 (18) | 46 (18) | 6 (14) |
| PBSC | 206 (69) | 177 (70) | 29 (67) | |
| Cord blood | 39 (13) | 31 (12) | 8 (19) | |
| Human leukocyte antigen-match/donor type | Matched/unrelated | 128 (43) | 113 (44) | 15 (35) |
| Mismatch/related or unrelated | 32 (11) | 28 (11) | 4 (9) | |
| Haplo-/related | 23 (8) | 16 (6) | 7 (16) | |
| Matched/related | 75 (25) | 66 (26) | 9 (21) | |
| Cord/unrelated | 39 (13) | 31 (12) | 8 (19) | |
| Recipient blood type | O+ or O− | 137 (46) | 113 (44) | 24 (56) |
| A+ or A− | 109 (36) | 94 (37) | 15 (35) | |
| B+ or B− | 37 (12) | 34 (13) | 3 (7) | |
| AB+ or AB− | 10 (3) | 10 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Missing | 1 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Donor blood type | O+ or O− | 123 (41) | 105 (42) | 18 (42) |
| A+ or A− | 105 (35) | 93 (37) | 12 (28) | |
| B+ or B− | 32 (11) | 28 (11) | 4 (9) | |
| AB+ or A− | 10 (4) | 8 (3) | 2 (5) | |
| Missing | 27 (9) | 20 (8) | 7 (16) | |
| Conditioning regimen | Myeloablative | 192 (65) | 163 (64) | 29 (67) |
| Nonmyeloablative | 105 (35) | 91 (36) | 14 (33) | |
| Smoking status | Current | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Former | 67 (23) | 57 (22) | 10 (23) | |
| Never | 228 (77) | 195 (77) | 33 (77) | |
| Missing | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Body habitus* | Normal or underweight | 135 (45) | 119 (47) | 16 (37) |
| Overweight | 88 (30) | 72 (28) | 16 (37) | |
| Obese | 74 (25) | 63 (25) | 11 (26) | |
| Diabetic state at HCT | Yes | 20 (7) | 17 (7) | 3 (7) |
| No | 216 (73) | 184 (72) | 32 (74) | |
| Missing | 61 (21) | 53 (21) | 8 (19) | |
| Recipient CMV status | Seropositive | 197 (66) | 167 (66) | 30 (70) |
| Seronegative | 100 (34) | 87 (34) | 13 (30) | |
| Donor CMV status | Seropositive | 126 (42) | 111 (44) | 15 (35) |
| Seronegative | 171 (58) | 143 (56) | 28 (65) | |
| Days between date of HCT and onset of HCoV infection | ≤30 | 43 (14) | 37 (15) | 6 (14) |
| 31-365 | 158 (53) | 133 (52) | 25 (58) | |
| >365 | 96 (32) | 84 (33) | 12 (28) | |
| Days between date of HCT and onset of HCoV infection | ≤Lower quartile (57) | 71 (24) | 63 (25) | 8 (19) |
| Lower quartile (57) to median (155) | 73 (25) | 63 (25) | 10 (23) | |
| Median (155) to upper quartile (474) | 78 (26) | 61 (24) | 17 (40) | |
| >Upper quartile (474) | 75 (25) | 67 (26) | 8 (19) | |
| Acute GVHD | Grade 0-1 | 83 (28) | 69 (27) | 14 (33) |
| Grade 2 | 179 (60) | 158 (62) | 21 (49) | |
| Grade 3-4 | 35 (12) | 27 (11) | 8 (19) | |
| Chronic GVHD | Yes | 286 (96) | 246 (97) | 40 (93) |
| No | 11 (4) | 8 (3) | 3 (7) | |
| HCoV species | OC43 | 6 (2) | 2 (1) | 4 (9) |
| NL63 | 4 (1) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| HKU1 | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (5) | |
| 229E | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Missing | 280 (94) | 244 (96) | 36 (84) | |
| HCoV Ct values† | Median (IQR) | 26 (23-31) | 26 (23-31) | 28 (26-30) |
| Copathogen in upper respiratory tractठ| Yes | 67 (23) | 52 (20) | 15 (35) |
| No | 230 (7) | 202 (80) | 28 (65) | |
| Copathogen in blood||¶ | Yes | 37 (12) | 28 (11) | 9 (21) |
| No | 260 (88) | 226 (89) | 34 (79) | |
| ISI‡ | Low (0-2) | 66 (22) | 65 (26) | 1 (2) |
| Moderate (3-6) | 208 (70) | 172 (68) | 36 (84) | |
| High (7-11) | 23 (8) | 17 (7) | 6 (14) | |
| Neutrophil count# | ≤500 × 106 cells/L | 24 (8) | 18 (7) | 6 (14) |
| >500 × 106 cells/L | 248 (84) | 217 (85) | 31 (72) | |
| Missing | 25 (8) | 19 (7) | 6 (14) | |
| Lymphocyte count# | ≤300 × 106 cells/L | 44 (15) | 37 (15) | 7 (16) |
| >300 × 106 cells/L | 226 (76) | 196 (77) | 30 (70) | |
| Missing | 27 (9) | 21 (8) | 6 (14) | |
| ≤200 × 106 cells/L | 30 (10) | 25 (10) | 5 (12) | |
| >200 × 106 cells/L | 240 (81) | 208 (82) | 32 (74) | |
| ≤100 × 106 cells/L | 15 (5) | 12 (5) | 3 (7) | |
| >100 × 106 cells/L | 255 (86) | 221 (87) | 34 (79) | |
| Monocyte count# | ≤300 × 106 cells/L | 77 (26) | 61 (24) | 16 (37) |
| >300 × 106 cells/L | 193 (65) | 172 (68) | 21 (49) | |
| Missing | 27 (9) | 21 (8) | 6 (14) | |
| ≤200 × 106 cells/L | 48 (16) | 36 (14) | 12 (28) | |
| >200 × 106 cells/L | 222 (75) | 197 (78) | 25 (58) | |
| ≤100 × 106 cells/L | 32 (11) | 22 (9) | 10 (23) | |
| >100 × 106 cells/L | 238 (80) | 211 (83) | 27 (63) | |
| Albumin** | ≤3 g/dL | 51 (17) | 35 (14) | 16 (37) |
| >3 g/dL | 214 (72) | 189 (74) | 25 (58) | |
| Missing | 32 (11) | 30 (12) | 2 (5) | |
| Glucose# | 0-100 mg/dL | 73 (25) | 60 (24) | 13 (31) |
| 101-150 mg/dL | 127 (43) | 118 (46) | 9 (21) | |
| 151-200 mg/dL | 35 (12) | 24 (9) | 11 (26) | |
| >200 mg/dL | 14 (4) | 10 (4) | 4 (10) | |
| Missing | 48 (16) | 42 (17) | 6 (14) | |
| Glucose†† | ≤150 mg/dL or unknown | 195 (66) | 172 (68) | 23 (53) |
| >150 mg/dL on most recent day only | 18 (6) | 13 (5) | 5 (12) | |
| >150 mg/dL on most recent day and >150 mg/dL on another day | 31 (10) | 21 (8) | 10 (23) | |
| Any glucose value other than most recent >150 mg/dL | 53 (18) | 48 (19) | 5 (12) | |
| Steroid dose‡‡ | None | 134 (45) | 122 (48) | 12 (28) |
| <1 mg/kg | 136 (46) | 111 (44) | 25 (58) | |
| ≥1 mg/kg | 27 (9) | 21 (8) | 6 (14) | |
| HbA1c§§ | <6.5% | 34 (11) | 27 (11) | 7 (16) |
| ≥6.5% | 15 (5) | 12 (5) | 3 (7) | |
| Missing | 248 (84) | 215 (85) | 33 (77) |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
CMV, cytomegalovirus; Ct, cycle threshold; IQR, interquartile range, PBSC, peripheral blood stem cell.
Overweight is defined as a body mass index ≥25 and <30 for adults and ≥85th percentile and <95th percentile for children of the same age and sex. Obesity is defined as a body mass index ≥30 for adults and ≥95th percentile for children of the same age and sex according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Missing values exist.
At HCoV diagnosis.
Copathogens: human rhinovirus 21, RSV 17, parainfluenza virus 14, human metapneumovirus 9, human bocavirus 8, influenza virus 6, adenovirus 5 (the total number of copathogens are larger than that of patients with copathogens detected, since some patients had >1 pathogen).
Defined as a pathogen or antigen (bacteria, fungi, virus, Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) detected in a blood within 2 d of HCoV diagnosis.
Copathogens: cytomegalovirus (any positive) 27, adenovirus 3, Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 2, Candida albicans 1, Clostridium septicum 1, Viridans Streptococcus 1, Hafnia alvei 1, EBV 1, human herpes virus 6 1, and BK virus 1 (the total number of copathogens are larger than that of patients with copathogens detected since some patients had >1 pathogens).
Using nearest value within 2 weeks before HCoV diagnosis.
Lowest albumin value in the 2 weeks before HCoV diagnosis.
Using values within 2 weeks before HCoV diagnosis.
Highest daily steroid dose in the 2 weeks before HCoV diagnosis.
Highest HbA1c within 3 months before HCoV diagnosis.