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. 2021 Mar 15;12:633862. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633862

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Copyright © 2021 Luoto and Varella.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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COVID-19 deaths per 1 million in relation to the Human Development Index in European countries (n = 41, r_s = –0.07). Data points are colored according to the sex/gender of the country leader, and scaled to COVID-19 tests per 1 million.