. 2020 Sep 9;12(4):501–509. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13378

Table 2.

Clinical characteristics of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young subtypes and maturity‐onset diabetes of the young X

	MODY total	MODY2	MODY3/1	MODY‐others	MODYX	P _{T vs X} ^*	P _{2 vs 3/1 vs O} ^*
Sex: M/F	36/51	20/25	10/22	6/4	25/19	0.094	0.228
Age (years)	34.46 ± 17.91	33.43 ± 19.25	37.81 ± 15.29	28.60 ± 19.02	24.09 ± 7.89	0.003	0.268
Age at diagnosis (years)	28.79 ± 16.21	29.91 ± 18.28	28.29 ± 12.87	25.40 ± 16.86	19.70 ± 5.40	0.004	0.695
Duration of diabetes (years)	5.67 ± 6.48	3.52 ± 3.90	9.52 ± 8.25	3.20 ± 3.55	4.39 ± 4.75	0.483	0.003
BMI (kg/m²)	20.70 ± 3.58	19.82 ± 3.17	21.37 ± 3.13	22.60 ± 5.39	24.35 ± 5.59	<0.001	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	6.65 ± 1.20	6.35 ± 0.44	7.11 ± 1.64	6.58 ± 1.57	8.35 ± 2.12	<0.001	0.051
Glu0’ (mmol/L)	7.34 ± 2.09	6.76 ± 0.90	8.23 ± 2.91	7.45 ± 2.41	8.44 ± 3.19	0.065	0.066
CP0’ (ng/mL)	1.08 ± 0.86	1.04 ± 0.94	1.02 ± 0.85	1.38 ± 0.36	2.45 ± 2.65	0.002	0.355
AUC_Glu (mmol/L min)	1442 ± 417	1289 ± 232	1696 ± 533	1426 ± 398	1489 ± 460	0.001	<0.001
AUC_CP (ng/mL min)	388 ± 315	423 ± 329	324 ± 331	400 ± 182	601 ± 682	0.032	0.214
AUC_CP/G (µg/mmoL min)	0.29 ± 0.25	0.33 ± 0.23	0.22 ± 0.31	0.31 ± 0.17	0.45 ± 0.56	0.095	0.552
∆2h‐G (mmol/L)	6.63 ± 3.93	5.05 ± 2.99	8.87 ± 4.28	7.49 ± 3.66	6.22 ± 4.74	0.008	<0.001
∆CP30’/∆G30’ (µg/mmol)	0.40 ± 0.35	0.49 ± 0.32	0.22 ± 0.19	0.50 ± 0.57	0.68 ± 1.05	0.032	0.011
HOMA‐IR	1.75 ± 1.01	1.48 ± 0.85	1.78 ± 1.21	2.65 ± 0.72	2.51 ± 1.73	0.068	0.006
HOMA‐B	36.95 ± 28.18	30.86 ± 14.70	26.69 ± 20.23	74.83 ± 44.61	62.84 ± 73.61	0.027	<0.001
CHOL (mmol/L)	3.84 ± 1.20,	3.75 ± 0.96	4.45 ± 1.12	2.38 ± 1.14	3.99 ± 1.22	0.218	<0.001
TRIG (mmol/L)	0.90 ± 0.71	0.81 ± 0.59	1.09 ± 0.91	0.76 ± 0.30	1.94 ± 2.65	0.015	0.169
HDL (mmol/L)	1.22 ± 0.37	1.24 ± 0.28	1.38 ± 0.38	0.68 ± 0.19	1.05 ± 0.35	0.032	<0.001
LDL (mmol/L)	2.20 ± 0.85	2.15 ± 0.79	2.53 ± 0.82	1.46 ± 0.77	2.31 ± 0.81	0.426	0.011
Overweight, n (%)	13, 15.66%	6, 13.64%	3, 10.34%	4, 40%	18, 42.86%	0.001	0.073
Hypertension, n (%)	11, 14.86%	4, 9.76%	5, 21.74%	2, 20%	7, 18.42%	0.628	0.384
Retinopathy, n (%)	4, 4.60%	0	4, 12.50%	0	2, 4.55%	1.000	0.027
Nephropathy, n (%)	2, 2.30%	0	2, 6.25%	0	3, 6.82%	0.334	0.172
Neuropathy, n (%)	2, 2.30%	0	2, 6.25%	0	2, 4.55%	0.602	0.172
Macrovascular, n (%)	2, 2.30%	0	2, 6.25%	0	0	0.550	0.172
Treatment at time of visit (n)	66	29	28	9	43
Intensive insulin, n (%)	2,3.03%	0	2, 7.14%	0	7, 16.28%	0.027	0.247
Insulin, n (%)	19,28.79%	3, 10.34%	14, 50.00%	2, 22.22%	24, 55.81%	0.005	0.004
OHA, n (%)	30,45.45%	11, 37.93%	17, 60.71%	2, 22.22%	21, 48.84%	0.729	0.072
Sulfonylurea, n (%)	12,18.18%	5, 17.24%	7, 25.00%	0	5, 11.63%	0.357	0.235
Metformin, n (%)	20,30.30%	8, 27.59%	11, 39.29%	1, 11,11%	18, 41.86%	0.216	0.254
Others, n (%)	13,19.70%	3, 10.34%	9, 32.14%	1, 11,11%	11, 25.58%	0.469	0.092
Diet only, n (%)	26,39.39%	18, 62.07%	3, 10.71%	5, 55.56%	10, 23.26%	0.080	<0.001

Continuous values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

The P‐value has been adjusted for age, duration and sex. The data of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐B) included only the patients who were not treated with insulin. ∆2h‐G, 2‐h glucose increment of oral glucose tolerance test and steamed bread meal test; ∆CP30’/∆G30’, CP30’ increment/glucose30’ increment; AUC_CP, area under the curve of C‐peptide; AUC_Glu, area under the curve of 2‐h glucose; BMI, body mass index; CHOL, cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MODY, maturity‐onset diabetes of the young; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agents; T versus X, MODY total versus MODYX; 2 versus 3/1 versus O, MODY2 versus MODY3/1 versus MODY‐others; TRIG, triglycerides.