Table 6.

Correlations between three measures of language development, and child media use, parental DM use, parental mediation and home sound environment (LENA).

Vocabulary		Grammar	Pragmatic
Child media use (n = 89–90)
TV content	−0.27**	−0.08	0.05
Tablet	0.01	0.06	−0.04
Smartphone	−0.09	0.01	0.12
Computer	0.21*	0.08	0.01
BooksPandE	0.21*	0.20	0.28*
Parental media activities (n = 89)
Likelihood of DM use	−0.27*	−0.22*	−0.30*
Background TV	−0.16	−0.01	−0.04
JME	0.15	0.18	0.29**
Home sound environment (n = 78)
Turn-taking	0.41**	0.18	0.20

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

PandE: This question refers to both print and e-books.