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. 2021 Feb 26;11:590154. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590154

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Copyright © 2021 Dash, Mohapatra, Ghosh and Nayak.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Landscape of COVID-19 vaccine development. As of December 4, 2020, 165 vaccine candidates are undergoing development by academic labs and industry. (A), 86 vaccine candidates have entered pre-clinical trials. (B), 41 vaccine candidates have entered Phase 1 trials. (C), four vaccine candidates have entered Phase 1/2 trials. (D), 17 vaccine candidates have entered Phase 2 trials. (E), four vaccine candidates have entered Phase 2/3 trials. (F), 13 vaccine candidates have entered Phase 3 trials. The vaccine candidate data was compiled from searching vaccine tracker resources: Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society (https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker), BioCentury (https://www.biocentury.com/clinical-vaccines-and-therapies), and World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines).