TABLE 1.
Demographics, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric measures at study entry [mean (SD)]
| PD‐N | PD‐MCI | PDD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Sample size (n) | 180 | 108 | 40 |
| Converted to PDD (n) | 8 | 43 | N/A |
| Sex, M:F | 117:63 | 82:26 | 30:10 |
| Age | 68 (8) | 70 (7) a | 74 (7) a , b |
| Education (y) | 13 (3) | 13 (3) | 13 (3) |
| PD‐Specific Measures | |||
| Symptom duration (y) | 7 (5) | 8 (5) | 12 (7) a , b |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) a | 3 (0.7) a , b |
| UPDRS (Motor) | 29 (13) | 39 (15) a | 57 (19) a , b |
| LEDD | 527 (431) | 675 (565) | 723 (408) a |
| Activities of Daily Living | |||
| CDR | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) a | 1.3 (0.5) a , b |
| Reisberg IADL | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.5) a | 2.1 (0.6) a , b |
| Cognitive Assessments | |||
| Premorbid IQ (WTAR) | 111 (8) | 108 (10) | 107 (11) |
| DRS‐2 (AESS) | 12 (2) | 9 (3) a | 5 (3) a , b |
| ADAS‐Cog | 6.6 (2.8) | 10.8 (3.9) a | 22.5 (8.6) a , b |
| MoCA | 27 (2) | 23 (3) a | 17 (4) a , b |
| Global Z score | 0.15 (0.4) | −0.78 (0.5) | −1.85 (0.5) |
| NPI measures | |||
| NPI Total score | 4.0 (6.9) | 4.2 (6.8) | 10.8 (8.2) |
| NPI Hallucinations | 0.1 (0.8) | 0.3 (1.2) | 1.3 (2.8) |
| NPI Depression | 0.8 (1.7) | 0.9 (2.0) | 1.7 (3.0) |
| NPI Anxiety | 1.0 (2.3) | 1.2 (2.0) | 1.9 (2.4) |
| NPI Aggression | 0.3 (1.3) | 0.2 (1.1) | 1.2 (2.1) |
| NPI Apathy | 0.7 (1.8) | 0.7 (1.7) | 2.1 (2.9) |
| NPI Disinhibition | 0.2 (1.0) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.6 (1.9) |
| NPI Delusions | 0.2 (1.3) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.8 (2.4) |
| NPI Euphoria | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.0) |
| NPI Irritability and Liability | 0.5 (1.8) | 0.4 (1.5) | 0.6 (1.6) |
| NPI Aberrant Motor Behavior | 0.2 (1.1) | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.6 (1.7) |
| NPI Sleep and Night time Behavior Disorders | 1.7 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.2) | 1.5 (2.7) |
| NPI Appetite and Eating Disorders | 0.5 (1.7) | 0.5 (1.8) | 0.7 (2.1) |
| PDQ measures | |||
| PDQ Hallucinations | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.6 (1.0) | 1.1 (1.3) |
| PDQ Depression | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.8 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.2) |
| PDQ Anxiety | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.2) |
| PDQ Aggression | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.8 (1.0) |
| PDQ Isolated and Lonely | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.9) |
| PDQ Weepy and Tearful | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.7) |
| PDQ Worried about future | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.1 (1.0) |
| PDQ Distressing dreams | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.6 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.4) |
| UPDRS measures | |||
| UPDRS Hallucinations | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.9) | 1.3 (1.2) |
| UPDRS Depression | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.6 (0.9) | 1.2 (1.0) |
| GDS | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.6) |
Significantly different from PD‐N, Kruskal‐Wallis followed by pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum tests, P < 0.05.
Significantly different from PD‐MCI, Kruskal‐Wallis followed by pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum tests, P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: PDD, Participants who met Level II criteria for Parkinson's disease with dementia; PD‐MCI, Participants who met Level II criteria for Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment; PD‐N, The remaining Participants who did not meet criteria for PDD or PD‐MCI were classified as having normal cognition; ADAS‐Cog, Alzheimer's Dementia Assessment Scale‐Cognitive; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; DRS‐2 (AESS), Dementia Rating Scale‐2 (Age and Education Scaled Score); GDS, Geriatric Depression Score; Global Z score, mean derived from attention, executive function, visuospatial and episodic memory domains; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; LEDD, Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; PDQ = Parkinson's disease Questionnaire; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; WTAR, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading for premorbid IQ.