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. 2021 Mar 31;11(3):e040465. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040465

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Forrest plot of the result of univariate analysis regarding the association of the tire of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). The results of univariate analyses in 12 studies were pooled for meta-analysis. The titre of anti-CCP antibody was significantly higher for RA-ILD than RA without ILD with a standardised mean difference (SMD) of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.65, p=0.0002/95% prediction interval: −0.33 to 1.17). There was considerable heterogeneity (χ²=36.0, p=0.0002, I²=69%).