Table 5. Parameter estimates of the linear and quadratic moderating effects of early adversity on the covariances between different types of adulthood stressors exposure and adulthood perceived stress and personality traits in the HRS sample.
| EA | p-value | EA2 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traumatic events | ||||
| Neuroticism | -.004 | .876 | .003 | .659 |
| Extraversion | .01 | .775 | .002 | .722 |
| Agreeableness | -.003 | .918 | .001 | .815 |
| Conscientiousness | .004 | .878 | 0 | .978 |
| Openness | -.002 | .935 | -.001 | .892 |
| Stressful life events | ||||
| Neuroticism | -.03 | .394 | .002 | .828 |
| Extraversion | .05 | .150 | -.003 | .702 |
| Agreeableness | .04 | .305 | -.004 | .557 |
| Conscientiousness | .04 | .341 | -.01 | .436 |
| Openness | -.01 | .793 | .01 | .406 |
| Ongoing chronic stressors | ||||
| Neuroticism | .11 | .001 | -.01 | .121 |
| Extraversion | -.06 | .098 | .004 | .551 |
| Agreeableness | -.02 | .621 | -.001 | .857 |
| Conscientiousness | -.06 | .117 | .01 | .413 |
| Openness | -.02 | .481 | 0 | .990 |
| Perceived stress | ||||
| Neuroticism | -.10 | .011 | .02 | .043 |
| Extraversion | .06 | .095 | -.01 | .416 |
| Agreeableness | .04 | .199 | -.01 | .396 |
| Conscientiousness | .07 | .046 | -.004 | .587 |
| Openness | .04 | .267 | -.003 | .674 |
Note. EA = estimation of the linear effects of early adversity; EA2 = estimation of the quadratic effects of early adversity. Traumatic events included experiences of disasters, physical attack, and death or illness of close others. Stressful life events included measures of events such as work and family/household related stressful experiences. Ongoing chronic stressors included measures of chronic work, family, and financial difficulties.