Table 3. ICU Interventions, Peak Laboratory Values and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients.
| Interventions | All (n) | Alive n (%) | Died n (%) | P value | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1,204 | 734 (61) | 470 (39) | < 0.05 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 713 | 340 (46) | 373 (79) | < 0.05 | 0.22 (0.12 - 0.29) |
| Duration | 7 ± 13 | 7 ± 9 | 0.44 | ||
| BiPAP | 399 | 212 (29) | 187 (40) | < 0.05 | 0.62 (0.48 - 0.79) |
| Duration | 1 ± 3 | 1 ± 3 | 0.12 | ||
| ECMO | 27 | 16 (2%) | 11 (2) | 0.85 | 0.93 (0.43 - 2.01) |
| Duration | 1 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.15 | 0.85 | ||
| Nitric oxide | 2 | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0.75 | 0.64 (0.40 - 10.25) |
| HFNC | 573 | 370 (50) | 203 (43) | < 0.05 | 1.33 (1.05 - 1.68) |
| Flolan | 97 | 26 (3.5) | 71 (15) | < 0.05 | 0.20 (0.13 - 0.32) |
| Medications | |||||
| HCQ | 476 | 265 (56) | 211 (44) | < 0.05 | 1.44 (1.13 - 1.82) |
| Duration | 2 ± 3 | 2 ± 3 | 0.17 | ||
| TCZ | 272 | 162 (60) | 110 (40) | 0.64 | 0.93 (0.70 - 1.22) |
| Duration | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.29 | ||
| Remdesivir | 162 | 105 (65) | 57 (35) | 0.32 | 1.21 (0.86 - 1.71) |
| Duration | 1 ± 2 | 1 ± 2 | 0.29 | ||
| Steroids | 602 | 357 (59) | 245 (41) | 0.26 | 0.87 (0.69 - 1.09) |
| Duration | 4 ± 6 | 4 ± 6 | 0.84 | ||
| Laboratory values | |||||
| D-dimer peak | 5,912 | 4,483 | 7,342 | < 0.05 | |
| Ferritin peak | 3,942 | 1,953 | 5,931 | < 0.05 | |
| LDH peak | 782 | 567 | 998 | < 0.05 | |
| CRP peak | 22 | 20 | 24 | < 0.05 | |
| ESR peak | 65 | 68 | 62 | 0.46 | |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Comfort care | 136 | 11 (2) | 125 (26) | < 0.05 | 0.04 (0.02 - 0.07) |
| Hospital LOS | 18 ± 16 | 12 ± 10 | < 0.05 | ||
| ICU LOS | 9 ± 12 | 8 ± 9 | 0.08 | ||
| Discharge location | 716 | ||||
| Inpatient rehabilitation | 295 (42) | ||||
| SNF | 212 (30) | ||||
| Home/NH | 137 (19) | ||||
| Hospice | 56 (8) | ||||
| AMA | 8 (1) |
ICU: intensive care unit; BiPAP: bilevel positive airway pressure; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HFNC: high-flow nasal cannula; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; TCZ: tocilizumab; LOS: length of stay; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; SNF: skilled nursing facility; NH: nursing home; AMA: against medical advice.