Table 1.
General characteristics of participants by sex.
| Variables | Overall (n = 291) | Men (n = 84) | Women (n = 207) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 46 ± 10 | 47 ± 10 | 45 ± 10 | 0.129 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.8 ± 13.0 | 75.4 ± 13.9 | 64.8 ± 11.3 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 108 ± 13 | 114 ± 13 | 106 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69 ± 10 | 73 ± 12 | 67 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 91.8 ± 10.7 | 96.0 ± 12.3 | 90.1 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 95.9 ± 32.8 | 100.8 ± 33.8 | 93.9 ± 32.3 | 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.02 ± 1.03 | 6.10 ± 1.26 | 5.99 ± 0.92 | 0.890 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.9 ± 36.7 | 196.8 ± 37.9 | 191.3 ± 36.2 | 0.170 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 114.6 ± 30.2 | 118.9 ± 31.4 | 112.8 ± 29.6 | 0.061 |
| VLDL-C (mg/dL) | 28.7 ± 12.7 | 31.4 ± 14.1 | 27.6 ± 12.0 | 0.035 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 49.9 ± 10.3 | 47.18 ± 8.38 | 51.06 ± 10.82 | 0.003 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 151.1 ± 77.5 | 170.8 ± 92.2 | 143.1 ± 69.3 | 0.030 |
| Chol/HDL-C | 3.99 ± 1.03 | 4.24 ± 0.88 | 3.89 ± 1.08 | <0.001 |
| TG/HDL-C | 3.20 ± 1.91 | 3.70 ± 2.06 | 3.00 ± 1.81 | 0.003 |
| TyG | 8.74 ± 0.58 | 8.89 ± 0.64 | 8.68 ± 0.54 | 0.004 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Smokera | ||||
| ≥1 cigarette/day | 14 (4.8) | 9 (4.3) | 5 (6.0) | 0.782 |
| <1 cigarette/day | 277 (95.2) | 198 (95.7) | 79 (94.0) | |
| Diabetesa | ||||
| Yes | 38 (13.1) | 28 (13.5) | 10 (11.9) | 0.857 |
| No | 253 (86.9) | 179 (86.5) | 74 (88.1) | |
| BMIa | ||||
| Normal | 69 (23.7) | 52 (25.1) | 17 (20.2) | 0.573 |
| Overweight | 143 (49.1) | 98 (47.3) | 45 (53.6) | |
| Obesity | 79 (27.1) | 57 (27.5) | 22 (26.2) | |
| Alcohol consumptiona | ||||
| <20 g/day | 270 (92.8) | 194 (93.7) | 76 (90.5) | 0.472 |
| ≥20 g/day | 21 (7.2) | 13 (6.3) | 8 (9.5) | |
Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LDL-C, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; Chol/HDL-C, total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio; TG/HDL-C, triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio; TyG, triglyceride glucose index; BMI, body mass index. aPrevalence.