Table 3:

Adjusted associations between standardized problem behavior subscale scores at age 6 years and within-individual change in cardiometabolic dysregulation from age 6 to 10 years (N=4,327). ^a,b

	Change in Cardiometabolic Dysregulation
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	ß (95% CI)	p-value	ß (95% CI)	p-value	ß (95% CI)	p-value
Aggressive Behavior	0.13 (0.03, 0.24)	0.014	0.08 (−0.02, 0.19)	0.12	0.09 (−0.02, 0.19)	0.099
Anxious/Depressed	0.14 (0.02, 0.25)	0.020	0.10 (−0.02, 0.21)	0.11	0.10 (−0.01, 0.22)	0.08
Attention Problems	0.11 (0.00, 0.21)	0.041	0.06 (−0.04, 0.17)	0.23	0.07 (−0.04, 0.17)	0.22
Emotionally Reactive	0.10 (−0.01, 0.22)	0.077	0.07 (−0.04, 0.19)	0.21	0.08 (−0.03, 0.19)	0.16
Sleep Problems	0.18 (0.07, 0.28)	0.001	0.10 (−0.01, 0.20)	0.062	0.10 (0.00, 0.21)	0.049
Somatic Complaints	0.13 (0.03, 0.23)	0.009	0.06 (−0.04, 0.16)	0.27	0.07 (−0.03, 0.17)	0.20
Withdrawn Behavior	0.09 (−0.02, 0.20)	0.12	0.04 (−0.07, 0.15)	0.44	0.04 (−0.07, 0.15)	0.43

^aEffect estimates were calculated using linear regression and p-values were calculated using t-tests.

^bModel was unadjusted. Model 2 additionally controlled for child’s sex, ethnicity, maternal age at child’s birth, family income at age 6, maternal overweight or obesity pre-pregnancy, and maternal smoking status during pregnancy. Model 3 further controlled for child characteristics at birth (low birthweight, preterm birth) and asthma.

^cChange in dysregulation was defined as the difference in the sum of six Z-scored cardiometabolic parameters measured at ages 6 years and 10 years.