Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population in 2009, 2012 and changes in characteristics over this time period
| 2009 (n = 1180) | 2012 (n = 1180) | Δ2009–2012 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual characteristics | |||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 6.6 (1.4) | 9.6 (1.4)* | 3.0 (0.3) |
| Sex (female), % (n) | 52 (602) | a | a |
| Daily sleep | |||
| Sleep duration in hours, mean (SD) | 11.4 (0.5) | 11.0 (0.5)* | − 0.5 (0.5) |
| Individual lifestyle factors | |||
| Outdoor play in hours, mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.6)** | 0.0 (0.6) |
| Organized sports in hours, mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.3)* | 0.2 (0.3) |
| SSB consumption in glasses, mean (SD) | 3.1 (1.6) | 2.7 (1.9)* | − 0.4 (1.8) |
| Television use in hours, mean (SD) | 1.0 (0.6) | 1.1 (0.7)* | 0.1 (0.6) |
| Computer/game console use in hours, mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.7)* | 0.5 (0.6) |
| Uses a screen after dinner, % (n) | 58 (688) | 87 (1013)* | |
| Neither in 2009 nor 2012 | 10 (118) | ||
| Adoption between 2009 and 2012 | 31 (365) | ||
| In both 2009 and 2012 | 56 (648) | ||
| Only in 2009 | 3 (30) | ||
| Social and cultural factors | |||
| Ethnicity (non-Western ethnicity), % (n) | 8 (92) | a | a |
| Has rules for the amount of television, % (n) | 65 (757) | 72 (813)* | |
| Neither in 2009 nor 2012 | 19 (209) | ||
| Adoption between 2009 and 2012 | 17 (192) | ||
| In both 2009 and 2012 | 55 (618) | ||
| Only in 2009 | 10 (113) | ||
| Has rules for the amount of computer/game console, % (n) | 65 (718) | 76 (838)* | |
| Neither in 2009 and 2012 | 15 (152) | ||
| Adoption between 2009 and 2012 | 20 (211) | ||
| In both 2009 and 2012 | 56 (578) | ||
| Only in 2009 | 9 (97) | ||
| Living conditions | |||
| Parental educational level, % (n) | |||
| Low parental educational level | 4 (46) | a | a |
| Medium parental educational level | 28 (321) | a | a |
| High parental educational level | 68 (770) | a | a |
| Presence of a screen in the bedroom, % (n) | 16 (183) | 37 (426)* | |
| Neither in 2009 and 2012 | 60 (698) | ||
| Adoption between 2009 and 2012 | 24 (278) | ||
| In both 2009 and 2012 | 12 (144) | ||
| Only in 2009 | 3 (37) | ||
| Household size, mean (SD) | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8)* | 0.1 (0.4) |
*p < 0.001; **p < 0.05
aConsidered constant