Table 2.
Associations between individual (lifestyle) factors, social and cultural factors and living conditions and changes in sleep duration between 2009 and 2012
| Univariable analysis* | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | p value | B (95% CI) | p value | |
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Age | - 0.15 (- 0.17 – - 0.13) | < 0.001 | - 0.15 (- 0.17 − - 0.13) | < 0.001 |
| Sex1 | 0.06 (0.01– 0.11) | 0.01 | 0.05 (0.00 – 0.10) | 0.04 |
| Individual lifestyle factors | ||||
| Outdoor play | 0.01 (- 0.03 – 0.05) | 0.60 | – | – |
| Organized sports | 0.02 (- 0.06 – 0.09) | 0.64 | – | – |
| SSB consumption | 0.00 (- 0.01 – 0.02) | 0.69 | – | – |
| Using a screen after dinner2 | - 0.11 (- 0.18 – - 0.04) | < 0.01 | - 0.10 (- 0.18 − - 0.02) | 0.01 |
| Television use | - 0.07 (- 0.10 – - 0.03) | < 0.001 | 0.00 (- 0.04 – 0.04) | 0.99 |
| Computer/game console use | - 0.08 (- 0.11 – - 0.04) | < 0.001 | - 0.07 (- 0.11 – - 0.02) | < 0.01 |
| Social and cultural factors | ||||
| Ethnicity3 | 0.02 (- 0.07 – 0.10) | 0.65 | – | – |
| Rules concerning amount of television use4 | 0.07 (0.02 – 0.12) | 0.01 | 0.04 (- 0.04 – 0.12) | 0.33 |
| Rules concerning amount of computer/game console use4 | 0.07 (0.02 – 0.13) | 0.01 | 0.03 (- 0.05 – 0.12) | 0.44 |
| Living conditions | ||||
| Medium parental educational level5 | 0.01 (- 0.04 – 0.06) | 0.62 | 0.04 (- 0.02 – 0.09) | 0.21 |
| Low parental educational level5 | - 0.21 (- 0.33 – - 0.09) | < 0.001 | - 0.15 (- 0.28 – - 0.03) | 0.02 |
| Presence of a screen in the bedroom6 | - 0.04 (- 0.09 – 0.01) | 0.14 | – | – |
| Household size | 0.03 (0.00 – 0.06) | 0.03 | 0.02 (- 0.01 – 0.05) | 0.12 |
*Univariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex and educational level
1Reference = Male
2Reference = Does not use a screen after dinner
3Reference = Western ethnicity
4Reference = Has no rules
5Reference = High parental educational level
6Reference = Does not have a screen in his/her own bedroom