Table 3.
Differences in outcomes between traditional and goal-directed programs, estimated in multivariate regression model
| Outcome | Covariates adjusted | Effect estimate and 95% CI (new goal-directed vs. traditional program) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| US performance post-training | |||
| Echocardiography performance | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing echocardiography US; ever performed echocardiography US | 14.0 (12.5–15.5) | < 0.001 |
| FAST performance | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing FAST US; ever performed FAST US | 16.2 (13.5–19.0) | < 0.001 |
| Vascular performance | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing vascular US; ever performed vascular US | 11.3 (8.9–13.7) | < 0.001 |
| Thoracic performance | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing thoracic US; ever performed thoracic US | 8.6 (6.9–10.2) | < 0.001 |
| Total performance | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence (sum of confidence scores before training: FAST, thoracic, vascular, USP, echocardiography, shock) | 49.5 (43.3–55.3) | < 0.001 |
| Delta of confidence post-training vs. baseline | |||
| FAST | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing FAST US; ever performed FAST US | 0.4 (0.1–0.6) | 0.002 |
| Thoracic | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing thoracic US; ever performed thoracic US | 0.6 (0.3–0.8) | < 0.001 |
| Vascular | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing vascular US; ever performed vascular US | 0.6 (0.3–0.8) | < 0.001 |
| UGP | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing USP US; ever performed USP US | –0.04 (–0.42 to 0.34) | 0.850 |
| Echocardiography | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing echocardiography US; ever performed echocardiography US | 0.4 (0.1–0.6) | 0.010 |
| Shock | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing shock US; ever performed shock US | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | < 0.001 |
| Delta of confidence 1-month post-training vs. baseline | |||
| FAST | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing FAST US; ever performed FAST US | 1.0 (0.5–1.4) | < 0.001 |
| Thoracic | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing thoracic US; ever performed thoracic US | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | < 0.001 |
| Vascular | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing vascular US; ever performed vascular US | 1.1 (0.6–1.6) | < 0.001 |
| UGP | Years in ER; Prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing USP US; ever performed USP US | 0.7 (0.2–1.3) | 0.009 |
| Echocardiography | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing echocardiography US; ever performed echocardiography US | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Shock | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence of performing shock US; ever performed shock US | 1.3 (0.8–1.7) | < 0.001 |
| Number of ER US performed within 1 month after training | Years in ER; prior ER US training; number of ER US performed per month before training; number of different ER US performed; baseline confidence (sum of confidence scores before training: FAST, thoracic, vascular, USP, echocardiography, shock) | 11.7 (5.6–17.8) | < 0.001 |