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. 2021 Apr 1;12(4):338. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03619-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Confocal microscopy showed mitochondrial membrane potential decreased after RKO cells were treated with UTD1. Scale bar = 20 μm. B TEM demonstrated morphology changes of mitochondria in tumor tissues which were treated with UTD1 or paclitaxel. Scale bar = 1 μm. C Flow cytometry showed ROS increased after incubation with UTD1, and it could be inhibited by Trolox. D Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed pretreatment with Trolox 2 h could decrease apoptosis. E JNK inhibitor, SP600125, incubated with RKO cells 2 h before UTD1 added. Flow cytometry showed apoptosis was inhibited. F Statistical analysis of E and G. G Western blotting showed SP600125 could inhibit apoptosis. H Antioxidant Trolox inhibited p-JNK induced by UTD1. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Results were presented as mean ± SD. ns: no statistically significant difference, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0005 vs. control group.