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. 2021 Apr 1;11:7397. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86956-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Embryo-derived chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor endometrial CXCR4/CXCR7. (A) CXCL12 levels were quantified in embryo culture or empty medium by ELISA. Comparison groups are from 3 independent experiments and analyzed using the unpaired Student t test for parametric distributions including p-values (***< 0.001). (B) A schematic diagram of co-culture system of mouse embryo with Ishikawa cells on Matrigel-coated coverslip. (C) Immunofluorescence (IF) staining images (1–5) were obtained from 5 different regions (illustrated on a diagram of (B:1–5)) of coverslip and mouse embryo (white arrow) was attached in the region number 3 (illustrated on a diagram of (B), marked as red spot). Red: CXCR4, Blue: DAPI. Scale Bar; 50 μm. Intensity of CXCR4 in each image was profiled. Images were captured at a magnification of 10 ×. IF staining of CXCR4, CXCR7 (D) and integrin ⍺vβ3, HIF1⍺ (E) in Ishikawa cells in response to CXCL12. Saline-treated cells were used for control. Scale Bar; 20 μm. Intensity of IF staining was quantified using Image J and displayed in graphs. Data are from 4 independent experiments, and analyzed using unpaired Student t test analysis including p-values (*< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001, NS; not significant).