Table 1.

Receptor sites for the luteinizing hormone in male and female dogs possibly related to non-cancerous and cancerous diseases (22).

LH receptor sites and possible non-cancerous diseases related to neutering
Gastrointestinal tract—possible increase in appetite
Urinary tract, especially in females—urinary incontinence, urinary calculi
Pancreas—diabetes mellitus, obesity
Thyroid gland— hypothyroidism
Head of femur—ligaments and cartilage—hip dysplasia
Cranial cruciate ligament—cranial cruciate ligament rupture or tear
Hippocampus and hypothalamus—behavioral changes seen with neutering
Central nervous system—cognitive decline
LH receptor sites and possible cancerous diseases related to neutering
Prostate gland—prostate cancer
Bladder and urethra—transitional cell carcinoma
Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle in heart and spleen—hemangiosarcoma
Skin—mast cell tumors
Lymphoid tissue and lymphocytes—lymphoma